diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/migrations/2190000000000-DropReopenDelayMinutes.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/migrations/2190000000000-DropReopenDelayMinutes.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a667e2e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/migrations/2190000000000-DropReopenDelayMinutes.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner } from "typeorm";
+
+/**
+ * Drop the unused reopen-delay knob from the global rules.
+ *
+ * The window engine never honoured `reopen_delay_minutes`: a not-yet-full train
+ * reopens as soon as its payment phase settles, so the real gap between a cycle
+ * closing and reopening is doc review + payment — nothing else. The per-schedule
+ * `rule_reopen_delay_minutes` snapshot stays: it freezes that derived gap at
+ * creation so the batch board keeps projecting the cycles the customer was shown.
+ */
+export class DropReopenDelayMinutes2190000000000 implements MigrationInterface {
+  name = "DropReopenDelayMinutes2190000000000";
+
+  public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    await queryRunner.query(`
+      ALTER TABLE freight.train_scheduling_global_rules
+        DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS reopen_delay_minutes;
+    `);
+  }
+
+  public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    await queryRunner.query(`
+      ALTER TABLE freight.train_scheduling_global_rules
+        ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS reopen_delay_minutes integer NOT NULL DEFAULT 90;
+    `);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/migrations/2200000000000-TrainNumberPair.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/migrations/2200000000000-TrainNumberPair.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..65a3d3cda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/migrations/2200000000000-TrainNumberPair.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner } from 'typeorm';
+
+/**
+ * Every built train owns a fixed pair of run numbers, typed at build time:
+ * an EXPORT number (odd, e.g. 8001) and an IMPORT number (even, e.g. 8002).
+ * Scheduling copies the route-direction-matched number onto the schedule at
+ * creation; legacy trains with a null pair keep dispatch-time pool assignment.
+ *
+ * NOTE: the shared dev DB has no applied migration history, so this is also
+ * hand-applied there. IF NOT EXISTS keeps that idempotent.
+ */
+export class TrainNumberPair2200000000000 implements MigrationInterface {
+  name = 'TrainNumberPair2200000000000';
+
+  public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    await queryRunner.query(`
+      ALTER TABLE freight.trains
+        ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS import_train_number varchar(20),
+        ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS export_train_number varchar(20);
+    `);
+    await queryRunner.query(`
+      CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "UQ_trains_import_train_number"
+        ON freight.trains (import_train_number)
+        WHERE import_train_number IS NOT NULL;
+    `);
+    await queryRunner.query(`
+      CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "UQ_trains_export_train_number"
+        ON freight.trains (export_train_number)
+        WHERE export_train_number IS NOT NULL;
+    `);
+  }
+
+  public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    await queryRunner.query(`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS freight."UQ_trains_export_train_number";`);
+    await queryRunner.query(`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS freight."UQ_trains_import_train_number";`);
+    await queryRunner.query(`
+      ALTER TABLE freight.trains
+        DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS export_train_number,
+        DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS import_train_number;
+    `);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/entities/booking.entity.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/entities/booking.entity.ts
index 4cc15854e..79d15069b 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/entities/booking.entity.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/entities/booking.entity.ts
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ export const SCHEDULING_STATUSES = [
   SchedulingStatus.Eligible,
   SchedulingStatus.Scheduled,
   SchedulingStatus.Dispatched,
+  SchedulingStatus.WaitingForWagon,
 ] as const;
 
 export type BookingSchedulingStatus = (typeof SCHEDULING_STATUSES)[number];
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/batch-window.util.spec.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/batch-window.util.spec.ts
index ba0995679..e913af6b7 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/batch-window.util.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/batch-window.util.spec.ts
@@ -109,17 +109,26 @@ describe('computeImportWindowTimes — first-window open respects office hours',
   });
 
   it('caps the close at departure', () => {
-    // Opens now (05 Jul 12:00 EAT); a 24h duration would close 06 Jul 12:00 EAT,
-    // past the 06 Jul 08:00 departure → clamped to departure.
+    // Round-the-clock desk (no desk-close cap in play). Opens now (05 Jul 12:00
+    // EAT); a 24h duration would close 06 Jul 12:00 EAT, past the 06 Jul 08:00
+    // departure → clamped to departure.
     const now = new Date('2026-07-05T09:00:00.000Z');
     const { windowClosesAt } = computeImportWindowTimes(
       departure,
-      { ...bounded, windowDurationHours: 24 },
+      { ...bounded, windowOpenHour: 8, windowCloseHour: 8, windowDurationHours: 24 },
       now,
     );
     expect(windowClosesAt.toISOString()).toBe(departure.toISOString());
   });
 
+  it('desk close hour cuts the window short (duration never outlives the desk)', () => {
+    // Opens now (05 Jul 12:00 EAT); the 15h duration would run to 03:00 next
+    // day, but the desk shuts 17:00 EAT (14:00 UTC) → the window closes with it.
+    const now = new Date('2026-07-05T09:00:00.000Z');
+    const { windowClosesAt } = computeImportWindowTimes(departure, bounded, now);
+    expect(windowClosesAt.toISOString()).toBe('2026-07-05T14:00:00.000Z');
+  });
+
   describe('overnight desk (open > close, wraps past midnight)', () => {
     // Desk open 08:00, closes 05:00 next morning — open across midnight.
     const overnight = { ...bounded, windowOpenHour: 8, windowCloseHour: 5 };
@@ -189,13 +198,13 @@ describe('computeImportWindowTimes — overnight desk (open > close, wraps midni
 
 describe('batch-window board windows (config-driven booking cycles)', () => {
   // Default rules: open 08:00 EAT, desk shuts 17:00, 3 days before departure,
-  // 3h long, reopen 90m later.
+  // 3h long, reopen gap (doc review + payment) 90m.
   const cfg: BoardWindowConfig = {
     importWindowLeadDays: 3,
     windowOpenHour: 8,
     windowCloseHour: 17,
     windowDurationHours: 3,
-    reopenDelayMinutes: 90,
+    reopenGapMinutes: 90,
     exportBookingLeadHours: 24,
   };
 
@@ -211,7 +220,7 @@ describe('batch-window board windows (config-driven booking cycles)', () => {
     expect(windows[0].end.toISOString()).toBe('2026-06-05T08:00:00.000Z');
   });
 
-  it('import: reopens reopenDelayMinutes after close while inside office hours', () => {
+  it('import: reopens after the doc-review + payment gap while inside office hours', () => {
     const departure = new Date('2026-06-08T11:00:00.000Z');
     const windows = listConfigBookingWindows('IMPORT', departure, cfg);
     // cycle 1: 08:00–11:00; reopen +90m → cycle 2 opens 12:30 EAT, same day
@@ -250,6 +259,17 @@ describe('batch-window board windows (config-driven booking cycles)', () => {
     expect(new Set(windows.map((w) => w.date)).size).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(3);
   });
 
+  it('import: desk close hour cuts a cycle short (duration past 17:00 clamps)', () => {
+    const longCfg: BoardWindowConfig = { ...cfg, windowDurationHours: 10 };
+    const departure = new Date('2026-06-08T11:00:00.000Z');
+    const windows = listConfigBookingWindows('IMPORT', departure, longCfg);
+    // Cycle 1 opens 08:00 EAT; 10h would close 18:00 — desk shuts 17:00 (14:00 UTC).
+    expect(windows[0].start.toISOString()).toBe('2026-06-05T05:00:00.000Z');
+    expect(windows[0].end.toISOString()).toBe('2026-06-05T14:00:00.000Z');
+    // Reopen 90m after the clamped close lands past 17:00 → next morning 08:00 EAT.
+    expect(windows[1].start.toISOString()).toBe('2026-06-06T05:00:00.000Z');
+  });
+
   it('export: single FCFS window exportBookingLeadHours before departure', () => {
     const departure = new Date('2026-06-08T11:00:00.000Z');
     const windows = listConfigBookingWindows('EXPORT', departure, cfg);
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/batch-window.util.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/batch-window.util.ts
index 0fdacc572..a1dfe61f4 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/batch-window.util.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/batch-window.util.ts
@@ -223,6 +223,49 @@ export function nextCycleOpensAt(
   return opensAt.getTime() < departure.getTime() ? opensAt : null;
 }
 
+/**
+ * The desk-close instant of the office window containing `opensAt`; null for a
+ * round-the-clock desk. Same-day desk (open < close): closeHour on `opensAt`'s
+ * EAT day. Overnight desk (open > close): closeHour on the NEXT EAT day when
+ * `opensAt` sits in the evening half, closeHour the same day when it sits in the
+ * after-midnight half.
+ */
+export function officeCloseAfter(opensAt: Date, hours: OfficeHours): Date | null {
+  if (isRoundTheClock(hours)) return null;
+  const { hour, minute } = eatParts(opensAt);
+  const openMinutes = hour * 60 + minute;
+  if (
+    hours.windowOpenHour > hours.windowCloseHour &&
+    openMinutes >= hours.windowOpenHour * 60
+  ) {
+    return eatDayToUtc(shiftEatDay(eatDay(opensAt), 1), hours.windowCloseHour);
+  }
+  return eatDayToUtc(eatDay(opensAt), hours.windowCloseHour);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Cap a window close at the desk-close hour that follows its open: the office
+ * hours end a running window early rather than letting the duration outlive the
+ * desk (open 16:00, 3h duration, desk 8–17 → closes 17:00, not 19:00). A
+ * round-the-clock desk never caps; a desk-close at/before the open (degenerate
+ * config) is ignored so the window is never clamped to zero length here.
+ */
+export function clampCloseToOfficeHours(
+  opensAt: Date,
+  closesAt: Date,
+  hours: OfficeHours,
+): Date {
+  const deskClose = officeCloseAfter(opensAt, hours);
+  if (
+    deskClose != null &&
+    deskClose.getTime() > opensAt.getTime() &&
+    closesAt.getTime() > deskClose.getTime()
+  ) {
+    return deskClose;
+  }
+  return closesAt;
+}
+
 export interface InitialWindowTimes {
   windowOpensAt: Date;
   windowClosesAt: Date;
@@ -243,7 +286,8 @@ export interface InitialWindowTimes {
  *  • `now` before openHour that EAT day → opens at openHour that morning
  *  • `now` at/after closeHour            → desk shut; opens openHour next morning
  *
- * `windowDurationHours` extends from that open, capped at departure.
+ * `windowDurationHours` extends from that open, capped at the desk close hour
+ * and at departure.
  */
 export function computeImportWindowTimes(
   departure: Date,
@@ -276,6 +320,10 @@ export function computeImportWindowTimes(
   }
 
   let closesAt = new Date(opensAt.getTime() + cfg.windowDurationHours * 3_600_000);
+  closesAt = clampCloseToOfficeHours(opensAt, closesAt, {
+    windowOpenHour: cfg.windowOpenHour,
+    windowCloseHour: cfg.windowCloseHour,
+  });
   if (closesAt.getTime() > departure.getTime()) {
     closesAt = departure;
   }
@@ -381,10 +429,11 @@ export function listBatchWindowsForBookings(
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Board-display windows: the REAL booking-window cycles derived from the
-// train_scheduling_global_rules config (window open hour, lead days, duration,
-// reopen delay) — NOT a fixed clock grid. Import shows each booking-window cycle
-// (opens at windowOpenHour EAT, lasts windowDurationHours, reopens after
-// reopenDelayMinutes until departure). Export shows the single FCFS lead window.
+// schedule's frozen window rule (open/close hour, lead days, duration, reopen
+// gap = doc review + payment) — NOT a fixed clock grid. Import shows each
+// booking-window cycle (opens at windowOpenHour EAT, lasts windowDurationHours
+// capped at the desk close, reopens after the gap until departure). Export shows
+// the single FCFS lead window.
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /** A board window carries an EAT calendar date in addition to the slot times. */
@@ -402,8 +451,11 @@ export interface BoardWindowConfig {
   /** EAT hour the daily booking desk shuts; equals windowOpenHour for a 24h desk. */
   windowCloseHour: number;
   windowDurationHours: number;
-  /** Gap between a cycle's close and its reopen (doc review + payment minutes). */
-  reopenDelayMinutes: number;
+  /**
+   * Gap between a cycle's close and its reopen — always doc review + payment
+   * minutes (the schedule's frozen snapshot, or the live sum for legacy rows).
+   */
+  reopenGapMinutes: number;
   exportBookingLeadHours: number;
 }
 
@@ -435,10 +487,11 @@ function boardWindowFromInterval(start: Date, end: Date): BoardWindow {
  * The real booking-window cycles for a schedule, straight from config.
  *
  * IMPORT: first window opens at `windowOpenHour` EAT on `departure − importWindowLeadDays`
- * for `windowDurationHours`; if the train isn't full it reopens `reopenDelayMinutes`
- * after each close, on the same booking day, until departure. This mirrors
- * `computeImportWindowTimes` + `concludeCycle`'s reopen math so the board shows the
- * exact windows the engine runs.
+ * for `windowDurationHours` (cut short by the desk close hour); if the train isn't
+ * full it reopens `reopenGapMinutes` (doc review + payment) after each close,
+ * honouring office hours, until departure. This mirrors `computeImportWindowTimes`
+ * + `concludeCycle`'s reopen math so the board shows the exact windows the engine
+ * runs.
  * EXPORT: a single FCFS window from `departure − exportBookingLeadHours` to departure,
  * with the open shifted to the next desk opening when it lands outside office hours
  * (same math as `computeExportWindowTimes`).
@@ -464,7 +517,7 @@ export function listConfigBookingWindows(
   const durationMs = cfg.windowDurationHours * 3_600_000;
   // Post-close gap before the next cycle opens (doc review + payment), subject
   // to office hours below.
-  const reopenMs = cfg.reopenDelayMinutes * 60_000;
+  const reopenMs = cfg.reopenGapMinutes * 60_000;
   const officeHours: OfficeHours = {
     windowOpenHour: cfg.windowOpenHour,
     windowCloseHour: cfg.windowCloseHour,
@@ -484,6 +537,7 @@ export function listConfigBookingWindows(
   for (let cycle = 0; cycle < maxCycles; cycle += 1) {
     if (opensAt.getTime() >= departure.getTime()) break;
     let closesAt = new Date(opensAt.getTime() + durationMs);
+    closesAt = clampCloseToOfficeHours(opensAt, closesAt, officeHours);
     if (closesAt.getTime() > departure.getTime()) closesAt = departure;
     windows.push(boardWindowFromInterval(opensAt, closesAt));
 
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.service.spec.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.service.spec.ts
index c8e254141..c37430121 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.service.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.service.spec.ts
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ describe('BookingBatchService — PAID reconcile', () => {
   };
   let trainSchedulingService: {
     tryAutoWagonAllocation: jest.Mock;
+    previewPaidBookingWagonShortage: jest.Mock;
     getBookableSchedules: jest.Mock;
     getWindowConfig: jest.Mock;
   };
@@ -87,6 +88,8 @@ describe('BookingBatchService — PAID reconcile', () => {
         issues: [],
         violations: [],
       }),
+      // No shortage by default — paid bookings link as before.
+      previewPaidBookingWagonShortage: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(null),
       getBookableSchedules: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue([]),
       getWindowConfig: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({
         importWindowLeadDays: 3,
@@ -96,7 +99,6 @@ describe('BookingBatchService — PAID reconcile', () => {
         windowDurationHours: 3,
         docReviewMinutes: 30,
         paymentWindowMinutes: 60,
-        reopenDelayMinutes: 90,
       }),
     };
 
@@ -169,6 +171,38 @@ describe('BookingBatchService — PAID reconcile', () => {
     expect(trainSchedulingService.tryAutoWagonAllocation).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
   });
 
+  it('ensurePaidBookingAllocated holds a wagon-short booking out of the train', async () => {
+    trainSchedulingService.previewPaidBookingWagonShortage.mockResolvedValue({
+      wagonTypeCodes: 'NW6',
+      wagonsNeeded: 1,
+      wagonsAvailable: 0,
+      wagonsShort: 1,
+    });
+
+    await service.ensurePaidBookingAllocated(bookingId);
+
+    // Not linked, no wagon run — held PAID + unlinked, flagged for manual placement.
+    expect(trainScheduleBookingsRepository.createMany).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(trainSchedulingService.tryAutoWagonAllocation).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(dataSource.getRepository().update).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      bookingId,
+      expect.objectContaining({ schedulingStatus: 'WAITING_FOR_WAGON' }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('reconcilePaidUnlinked leaves WAITING_FOR_WAGON bookings held', async () => {
+    bookingsRepository.findPaidUnlinkedForSchedule.mockResolvedValue([
+      { ...paidBooking, schedulingStatus: 'WAITING_FOR_WAGON' },
+    ]);
+
+    await service.reconcilePaidUnlinked(scheduleId);
+
+    expect(trainScheduleBookingsRepository.createMany).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(
+      trainSchedulingService.previewPaidBookingWagonShortage,
+    ).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
   it('processSchedule reconciles PAID-unlinked before wagon allocation', async () => {
     const fillSpy = jest.spyOn(service, 'fillSchedule').mockResolvedValue(0);
     const settleSpy = jest.spyOn(service, 'settleDueReservations').mockResolvedValue(undefined);
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.service.ts
index e51d4ad23..82782446a 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.service.ts
@@ -497,6 +497,7 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
     const linked =
       await this.trainScheduleBookingsRepository.existsForBooking(bookingId);
     if (!linked) {
+      if (await this.holdIfWagonShort(booking.trainScheduleId, booking)) return;
       await this.allocate(booking.trainScheduleId, booking, "paid");
       this.logger.log(
         `Linked PAID booking ${booking.reference ?? bookingId} to schedule ${booking.trainScheduleId}`,
@@ -783,6 +784,9 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
     const unlinked =
       await this.bookingsRepository.findPaidUnlinkedForSchedule(scheduleId);
     for (const booking of unlinked) {
+      // Held on purpose (paid, no wagon free) — the cron must not undo it.
+      if (booking.schedulingStatus === "WAITING_FOR_WAGON") continue;
+      if (await this.holdIfWagonShort(scheduleId, booking)) continue;
       await this.allocate(scheduleId, booking, "paid");
       this.logger.log(
         `Reconciled PAID booking ${booking.reference ?? booking.id} → schedule ${scheduleId}`,
@@ -1050,7 +1054,11 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
         s.ruleWindowDurationHours,
         liveCfg.windowDurationHours,
       ),
-      reopenDelayMinutes: num(s.ruleReopenDelayMinutes, liveCfg.reopenDelayMinutes),
+      // Frozen doc-review + payment sum; legacy rows fall back to the live sum.
+      reopenGapMinutes: num(
+        s.ruleReopenDelayMinutes,
+        liveCfg.docReviewMinutes + liveCfg.paymentWindowMinutes,
+      ),
       importWindowLeadDays: num(
         s.ruleImportWindowLeadDays,
         liveCfg.importWindowLeadDays,
@@ -1894,7 +1902,9 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
 
       done.add(booking.id);
       if (isPaid(booking)) {
-        await this.allocate(scheduleId, booking, "paid");
+        if (!(await this.holdIfWagonShort(scheduleId, booking))) {
+          await this.allocate(scheduleId, booking, "paid");
+        }
         anySettled = true;
       } else if (isExpired(booking)) {
         await this.expire(booking);
@@ -1920,6 +1930,29 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
     );
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Conclude-time retry: promote whatever still fits from the route-day waiting
+   * list, opening fresh pay windows. Returns how many commercial units got
+   * reserved — corridor-wide, since the fill is day-level and may reserve onto a
+   * sibling train; the caller must check `hasLiveReservations` for its OWN
+   * schedule before deciding to stay in PAYMENT.
+   */
+  async fillFromWaitingList(scheduleId: string): Promise<number> {
+    return this.withScheduleLock(scheduleId, async () => {
+      let promoted = 0;
+      for (let round = 0; round < 10; round += 1) {
+        const reservedThisRound = await this.topUpFill(scheduleId);
+        if (reservedThisRound <= 0) break;
+        promoted += reservedThisRound;
+        await this.extendPaymentPhaseForTopUp(scheduleId);
+      }
+      if (promoted > 0) {
+        this.notifyBoardChanged(scheduleId, "conclude_waiting_list_fill");
+      }
+      return promoted;
+    });
+  }
+
   /**
    * Settle, then keep promoting the waiting list until the train can take no more.
    * Returns whether anything settled.
@@ -2050,7 +2083,9 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
     await this.dataSource
       .getRepository(Booking)
       .update(bookingId, { paymentStatus: "PAID" });
-    await this.allocate(booking.trainScheduleId, booking, "paid");
+    if (!(await this.holdIfWagonShort(booking.trainScheduleId, booking))) {
+      await this.allocate(booking.trainScheduleId, booking, "paid");
+    }
 
     const schedule = await this.trainSchedulesRepository.findByIdWithFullGraph(
       booking.trainScheduleId,
@@ -2112,7 +2147,12 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
       await manager.getRepository(Booking).update(bookingId, {
         trainScheduleId: newScheduleId,
         status: restoredStatus,
-        schedulingStatus: "ELIGIBLE",
+        // A paid booking still hunting for a wagon keeps its flag through the
+        // move — it only clears when wagons are actually assigned.
+        schedulingStatus:
+          booking.schedulingStatus === "WAITING_FOR_WAGON"
+            ? "WAITING_FOR_WAGON"
+            : "ELIGIBLE",
         paymentDeadline: null,
         selectedForBatchAt: null,
       } as never);
@@ -2254,6 +2294,50 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
   }
 
   /** Allocate a booking to the schedule's train (creates the TrainScheduleBooking link). */
+  /**
+   * Fleet preflight shared by every single-booking paid-allocation path: when
+   * no wagon of the booking's required type is free, hold it OUT of the train
+   * instead of linking — it stays PAID + unlinked in the (route, day) pool,
+   * flagged WAITING_FOR_WAGON, and staff place it on any same-day schedule from
+   * the workspace "Paid · unassigned" panel once a wagon frees up. Returns true
+   * when the booking was held. Consolidated pairs are exempt (the shared wagon
+   * is both-or-neither and settles atomically in settleReserved).
+   */
+  private async holdIfWagonShort(
+    scheduleId: string,
+    booking: Booking,
+  ): Promise<boolean> {
+    if (booking.consolidationPartnerId) return false;
+    const shortage =
+      await this.trainSchedulingService.previewPaidBookingWagonShortage(
+        scheduleId,
+        booking.id,
+      );
+    if (!shortage) return false;
+
+    await this.dataSource.getRepository(Booking).update(booking.id, {
+      status: "PAID",
+      paymentStatus: "PAID",
+      schedulingStatus: "WAITING_FOR_WAGON",
+      paymentDeadline: null,
+      selectedForBatchAt: null,
+    } as never);
+    // Payment landed — record it even though nothing boards yet. The wagon
+    // milestone stays pending until staff assign one.
+    void this.completeTrackingMilestones(booking.id, [
+      "FREIGHT_PAYMENT_PENDING",
+      "FREIGHT_PAYMENT_SETTLED",
+    ]);
+    this.logger.warn(
+      `PAID booking ${booking.reference ?? booking.id} is WAITING FOR WAGON: ` +
+        `needs ${shortage.wagonsNeeded} × ${shortage.wagonTypeCodes}, ` +
+        `${shortage.wagonsAvailable} available (short ${shortage.wagonsShort}). ` +
+        `Held in the day pool for manual placement.`,
+    );
+    this.notifyBoardChanged(scheduleId, "booking_waiting_wagon");
+    return true;
+  }
+
   private async allocate(
     scheduleId: string,
     booking: Booking,
@@ -2358,7 +2442,9 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
           `[BATCH] expire skipped for ${booking.reference} — payment already ` +
             `landed; allocating on schedule ${paidScheduleId} instead`,
         );
-        await this.allocate(paidScheduleId, fresh, "paid");
+        if (!(await this.holdIfWagonShort(paidScheduleId, fresh))) {
+          await this.allocate(paidScheduleId, fresh, "paid");
+        }
         return;
       }
     }
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.config.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.config.ts
index 25d569171..7128bd705 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.config.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.config.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ export interface BookingWindowConfig {
   /** Max staff document-review time after the window closes. */
   docReviewMinutes: number;
   paymentWindowMinutes: number;
-  /** Delay after window close before reopening when the train is not full. */
-  reopenDelayMinutes: number;
 }
 
 /** Window phase lifecycle for the one-booking-day import cycle. NULL on legacy/DOMESTIC schedules. */
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.service.spec.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.service.spec.ts
index 72229cfd6..9393c520f 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.service.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.service.spec.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ describe('BookingWindowService — window state machine', () => {
     hasLiveReservations: jest.Mock;
     refreshWindowStatus: jest.Mock;
     expireLeftoverDayPool: jest.Mock;
+    fillFromWaitingList: jest.Mock;
   };
   let trainSchedulesRepository: { findById: jest.Mock; findAll: jest.Mock };
   let trainSchedulingService: { finalizeSchedule: jest.Mock; getWindowConfig: jest.Mock };
@@ -33,7 +34,6 @@ describe('BookingWindowService — window state machine', () => {
     windowDurationHours: 1,
     docReviewMinutes: 30,
     paymentWindowMinutes: 60,
-    reopenDelayMinutes: 0,
   };
 
   const baseSchedule = (over: Partial<TrainSchedule>): TrainSchedule =>
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ describe('BookingWindowService — window state machine', () => {
       hasLiveReservations: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(false),
       refreshWindowStatus: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
       expireLeftoverDayPool: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(0),
+      // No waiting booking fits by default, so conclude proceeds to reopen/DONE.
+      fillFromWaitingList: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(0),
     };
     trainSchedulesRepository = {
       findById: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(null),
@@ -123,6 +125,8 @@ describe('BookingWindowService — window state machine', () => {
   });
 
   it('DOC_REVIEW → PAYMENT expires un-accepted, then runs the batch', async () => {
+    // The batch reserved someone (live reservations exist) → real PAYMENT phase.
+    batch.hasLiveReservations.mockResolvedValue(true);
     const s = baseSchedule({
       windowPhase: 'DOC_REVIEW',
       docReviewEndsAt: new Date('2026-07-01T01:30:00.000Z'),
@@ -140,6 +144,7 @@ describe('BookingWindowService — window state machine', () => {
   });
 
   it('DOC_REVIEW → PAYMENT also fires when staff finished review early (docReviewCompletedAt)', async () => {
+    batch.hasLiveReservations.mockResolvedValue(true);
     const s = baseSchedule({
       windowPhase: 'DOC_REVIEW',
       docReviewEndsAt: new Date('2026-07-01T05:00:00.000Z'), // far future
@@ -150,6 +155,21 @@ describe('BookingWindowService — window state machine', () => {
     expect(s.windowPhase).toBe('PAYMENT');
   });
 
+  it('DOC_REVIEW → batch reserves nothing → skips the empty PAYMENT phase and reopens', async () => {
+    // Default hasLiveReservations=false: the batch reserved nobody. Waiting a
+    // full payment window with the desk shut would serve no one — the cycle
+    // concludes immediately (24h desk + far departure → straight to PRE_WINDOW).
+    const s = baseSchedule({
+      windowPhase: 'DOC_REVIEW',
+      docReviewEndsAt: new Date('2026-07-01T01:30:00.000Z'),
+    });
+    const advanced = await advanceImport(s, new Date('2026-07-01T01:30:01.000Z'));
+    expect(advanced).toBe(true);
+    expect(batch.processRouteDay).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(s.windowPhase).toBe('PRE_WINDOW');
+    expect(s.windowOpensAt).not.toBeNull();
+  });
+
   it('PAYMENT → conclude at paymentPhaseEndsAt settles due reservations', async () => {
     const s = baseSchedule({
       windowPhase: 'PAYMENT',
@@ -205,6 +225,22 @@ describe('BookingWindowService — window state machine', () => {
     expect(trainSchedulingService.finalizeSchedule).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
+  it('conclude: waiting booking still fits → fresh pay window, back to PAYMENT, no reopen', async () => {
+    batch.isScheduleFull.mockResolvedValue(false);
+    batch.fillFromWaitingList.mockResolvedValue(2);
+    batch.hasLiveReservations.mockResolvedValue(true);
+    const s = baseSchedule({
+      windowPhase: 'PAYMENT',
+      scheduledDepartureDate: new Date('2026-08-01T06:00:00.000Z'),
+    });
+    const now = new Date('2026-07-01T02:30:05.000Z');
+    await concludeCycle(s, now);
+    expect(batch.fillFromWaitingList).toHaveBeenCalledWith(scheduleId);
+    expect(s.windowPhase).toBe('PAYMENT');
+    // Fresh pay window from `now`, not a reopen.
+    expect(s.paymentPhaseEndsAt).toEqual(new Date(now.getTime() + 60 * 60_000));
+  });
+
   it('conclude: NOT full but NO cycle fits before departure → DONE', async () => {
     batch.isScheduleFull.mockResolvedValue(false);
     const s = baseSchedule({
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.service.ts
index d3405c951..f728afe6a 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.service.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,12 @@ import { BookingBatchService } from './booking-batch.service';
 import { BookingWindowGateway } from './booking-window.gateway';
 import { TrainSchedulingService, effectiveWindowConfig } from './train-scheduling.service';
 import { BATCH_TIMEZONE } from './booking-batch.constants';
-import { eatDay, nextCycleOpensAt, type OfficeHours } from './batch-window.util';
+import {
+  clampCloseToOfficeHours,
+  eatDay,
+  nextCycleOpensAt,
+  type OfficeHours,
+} from './batch-window.util';
 import { type BookingWindowConfig } from './booking-window.config';
 
 /**
@@ -297,6 +302,17 @@ export class BookingWindowService implements OnModuleInit {
       // (or allocating government) — skipped automatically for everyone who fits
       // is handled inside the fill (all fit → all reserved → all notified).
       await this.bookingBatchService.processRouteDay(routeDay);
+      // Batch reserved nobody (empty pool, or it allocated without pay windows):
+      // a PAYMENT phase with nobody to pay is a dead hour with the window shut.
+      // Conclude straight away — full → DONE, otherwise reopen per office hours.
+      if (!(await this.bookingBatchService.hasLiveReservations(schedule.id))) {
+        this.logger.log(
+          `[WINDOW] ${schedule.id} DOC_REVIEW→PAYMENT — batch reserved nothing; ` +
+            `skipping the empty payment phase and concluding the cycle`,
+        );
+        await this.concludeCycle(schedule, cfg, now);
+        return true;
+      }
       this.logger.log(
         `[WINDOW] ${schedule.id} DOC_REVIEW→PAYMENT — batch ran; payment phase ` +
           `until ${paymentPhaseEndsAt.toISOString()}`,
@@ -353,7 +369,10 @@ export class BookingWindowService implements OnModuleInit {
     return false;
   }
 
-  /** After settle: full → finalize + DONE; space left → reopen same day or close for the day. */
+  /**
+   * After settle: full → finalize + DONE; waiting bookings still fit → fresh pay
+   * window, back to PAYMENT; otherwise reopen (office hours decide when) or DONE.
+   */
   private async concludeCycle(
     schedule: TrainSchedule,
     cfg: BookingWindowConfig,
@@ -386,6 +405,31 @@ export class BookingWindowService implements OnModuleInit {
       if (fresh) schedule.bookingWindowStatus = fresh.bookingWindowStatus;
     }
 
+    // The window reopens only once the waiting list is exhausted: a booking can
+    // still reach the pool mid-payment (late doc accept, consolidation partner),
+    // so retry the batch before reopening. Anything that fits gets a fresh pay
+    // window and the cycle stays in PAYMENT; check live reservations on THIS
+    // schedule because the day-level fill may have reserved onto a sibling.
+    // Waiting bookings that fit no train stay pooled and the window reopens.
+    const promoted = await this.bookingBatchService.fillFromWaitingList(schedule.id);
+    if (
+      promoted > 0 &&
+      (await this.bookingBatchService.hasLiveReservations(schedule.id))
+    ) {
+      let paymentPhaseEndsAt = new Date(
+        now.getTime() + cfg.paymentWindowMinutes * 60_000,
+      );
+      if (paymentPhaseEndsAt > schedule.scheduledDepartureDate) {
+        paymentPhaseEndsAt = schedule.scheduledDepartureDate;
+      }
+      await this.setPhase(schedule, { windowPhase: 'PAYMENT', paymentPhaseEndsAt });
+      this.logger.log(
+        `[WINDOW] ${schedule.id} conclude → waiting list still had bookings that ` +
+          `fit — back in PAYMENT until ${paymentPhaseEndsAt.toISOString()}, no reopen yet`,
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+
     // Doc review + payment have already run, so the desk is ready to reopen NOW —
     // office hours decide whether that is this afternoon or tomorrow morning. Past
     // the last cycle before departure, nextCycleOpensAt returns null and we finish.
@@ -413,6 +457,9 @@ export class BookingWindowService implements OnModuleInit {
     let nextClosesAt = new Date(
       nextOpensAt.getTime() + cfg.windowDurationHours * 3_600_000,
     );
+    // Office hours end a running window early: never let the duration outlive
+    // the desk close (open 16:00, 3h, desk 8–17 → closes 17:00).
+    nextClosesAt = clampCloseToOfficeHours(nextOpensAt, nextClosesAt, officeHours);
     if (nextClosesAt > schedule.scheduledDepartureDate) {
       nextClosesAt = schedule.scheduledDepartureDate;
     }
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/dto/update-train-scheduling-global-rules.dto.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/dto/update-train-scheduling-global-rules.dto.ts
index 0e252240b..2948b874d 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/dto/update-train-scheduling-global-rules.dto.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/dto/update-train-scheduling-global-rules.dto.ts
@@ -95,11 +95,4 @@ export class UpdateTrainSchedulingGlobalRulesDto {
   @IsInt()
   @Min(1)
   paymentWindowMinutes?: number;
-
-  @ApiPropertyOptional({ example: 90 })
-  @IsOptional()
-  @Type(() => Number)
-  @IsInt()
-  @Min(1)
-  reopenDelayMinutes?: number;
 }
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/entities/train-scheduling-global-rules.entity.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/entities/train-scheduling-global-rules.entity.ts
index ffa42fd7e..729063599 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/entities/train-scheduling-global-rules.entity.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/entities/train-scheduling-global-rules.entity.ts
@@ -79,8 +79,4 @@ export class TrainSchedulingGlobalRules extends BaseEntity {
 
   @Column({ name: 'payment_window_minutes', type: 'int', default: 60 })
   paymentWindowMinutes!: number;
-
-  /** Delay after window close before the window reopens when the train is not yet full. */
-  @Column({ name: 'reopen_delay_minutes', type: 'int', default: 90 })
-  reopenDelayMinutes!: number;
 }
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/fleet-plan.util.spec.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/fleet-plan.util.spec.ts
index 54bf7a181..ff685d30c 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/fleet-plan.util.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/fleet-plan.util.spec.ts
@@ -114,6 +114,35 @@ describe('fleet-plan.util', () => {
     expect(warnings.some((w) => w.includes('deferred'))).toBe(true);
   });
 
+  it('names the booking and its per-type shortfall when the deferral carries a shortage', () => {
+    const warnings = summarizeFleetWarnings(
+      [],
+      [
+        {
+          id: 'b1',
+          reference: 'BKG-1',
+          reason: 'No available NW6 wagon at the yard',
+          shortage: {
+            wagonTypeCodes: 'NW6',
+            wagonsNeeded: 2,
+            wagonsAvailable: 1,
+            wagonsShort: 1,
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    );
+
+    expect(
+      warnings.some(
+        (w) =>
+          w.includes('BKG-1') &&
+          w.includes('2 × NW6') &&
+          w.includes('only 1 available') &&
+          w.includes('short 1'),
+      ),
+    ).toBe(true);
+  });
+
   it('counts wagons required per booking from container lines', () => {
     const booking = makeBooking('b1', {
       bookingContainers: [
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/fleet-plan.util.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/fleet-plan.util.ts
index 6173da6b1..9cca4d213 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/fleet-plan.util.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/fleet-plan.util.ts
@@ -17,10 +17,21 @@ export type FleetAvailabilityRow = {
   shortfall: number;
 };
 
+/** Per-booking wagon shortage: how many wagons of which type this booking still lacks. */
+export type BookingWagonShortage = {
+  /** Candidate wagon-type codes usable by the booking, joined ("NW6" or "NW6/CW3"). */
+  wagonTypeCodes: string;
+  wagonsNeeded: number;
+  wagonsAvailable: number;
+  wagonsShort: number;
+};
+
 export type DeferredBookingRow = {
   id: string;
   reference: string;
   reason: string;
+  /** Set when the deferral is a fleet-stock shortage (absent for config issues). */
+  shortage?: BookingWagonShortage | null;
 };
 
 export function sortBookingsForScheduling(bookings: Booking[]): Booking[] {
@@ -156,6 +167,16 @@ export function summarizeFleetWarnings(
     );
   }
 
+  // Name the bookings the shortage actually hits, with their own per-type counts,
+  // so staff know WHAT is held out — not just that the pool is short overall.
+  for (const row of deferred) {
+    if (!row.shortage) continue;
+    warnings.push(
+      `Booking ${row.reference} held out: needs ${row.shortage.wagonsNeeded} × ${row.shortage.wagonTypeCodes}, ` +
+        `only ${row.shortage.wagonsAvailable} available (short ${row.shortage.wagonsShort})`,
+    );
+  }
+
   if (deferred.length) {
     warnings.push(
       `${deferred.length} booking(s) deferred to next train due to insufficient fleet wagons`,
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/train-scheduling.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/train-scheduling.service.ts
index a0b1591f3..26de90298 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/train-scheduling.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/train-scheduling.service.ts
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ import {
   summarizeFleetWarnings,
   totalAssignedWeight,
   wagonsRequiredForBooking,
+  type BookingWagonShortage,
   type DeferredBookingRow,
   type FleetAvailabilityRow,
 } from './fleet-plan.util';
@@ -214,8 +215,6 @@ export function effectiveWindowConfig(
         : liveCfg.windowDurationHours,
     docReviewMinutes: liveCfg.docReviewMinutes,
     paymentWindowMinutes: liveCfg.paymentWindowMinutes,
-    reopenDelayMinutes:
-      schedule.ruleReopenDelayMinutes ?? liveCfg.reopenDelayMinutes,
   };
 }
 
@@ -251,6 +250,8 @@ export interface CompositionUnassignedBookingRow {
   yardWagonsAvailable: number;
   canAssign: boolean;
   blockReason: string | null;
+  /** Structured fleet shortage when the block is missing wagons (null otherwise). */
+  shortage: BookingWagonShortage | null;
 }
 
 export interface UnassignedBookingsResponse {
@@ -613,7 +614,6 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
     if (dto.windowDurationHours != null) row.windowDurationHours = dto.windowDurationHours;
     if (dto.docReviewMinutes != null) row.docReviewMinutes = dto.docReviewMinutes;
     if (dto.paymentWindowMinutes != null) row.paymentWindowMinutes = dto.paymentWindowMinutes;
-    if (dto.reopenDelayMinutes != null) row.reopenDelayMinutes = dto.reopenDelayMinutes;
 
     // The booking desk supports three shapes: a same-day range
     // (closeHour > openHour), a 24-hour desk (openHour === closeHour), and an
@@ -702,7 +702,6 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
       // override changes them, so the derived snapshot delay stays consistent.
       docReviewMinutes: dto.docReviewMinutes ?? liveCfg.docReviewMinutes,
       paymentWindowMinutes: dto.paymentWindowMinutes ?? liveCfg.paymentWindowMinutes,
-      reopenDelayMinutes: liveCfg.reopenDelayMinutes,
     };
 
     // Same-day, 24-hour, and overnight (openHour > closeHour) desks are all valid
@@ -929,7 +928,6 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
       windowDurationHours: num(row?.windowDurationHours, 3),
       docReviewMinutes: num(row?.docReviewMinutes, 30),
       paymentWindowMinutes: num(row?.paymentWindowMinutes, 60),
-      reopenDelayMinutes: num(row?.reopenDelayMinutes, 90),
     };
   }
 
@@ -1079,6 +1077,20 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
       // getSchedulableRoute already rejected DOMESTIC (intercity).
       const direction = this.resolveRouteDirection(route);
 
+      // Direction-matched fixed number from the built train's typed pair.
+      // Legacy locomotive-picked schedules keep dispatch-time pool assignment
+      // (assignTrainNumber is idempotent, so both paths compose).
+      const pairTrainNumber = builtTrain
+        ? (direction === 'IMPORT'
+            ? builtTrain.importTrainNumber
+            : builtTrain.exportTrainNumber) ?? null
+        : null;
+      if (builtTrain && !pairTrainNumber) {
+        scheduleWarnings.push(
+          `Train ${builtTrain.code} has no ${direction === 'IMPORT' ? 'import' : 'export'} train number; a pool number will be assigned at dispatch`,
+        );
+      }
+
       const trainSet = await this.buildEmptyTrainSet(
         manager,
         lockedLocomotives,
@@ -1174,6 +1186,7 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
           scheduledDepartureDate: departure,
           status: TrainScheduleStatusEnum.Draft,
           direction,
+          trainNumber: pairTrainNumber ?? undefined,
           maxWagons,
           ...windowFields,
         }),
@@ -2684,7 +2697,23 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
     manager: EntityManager,
     schedule: TrainSchedule,
   ): Promise<string> {
-    if (schedule.trainNumber) return schedule.trainNumber;
+    if (schedule.trainNumber) {
+      // Creation-assigned pair number: two live runs may never share a number,
+      // so block dispatch while another DISPATCHED schedule still carries it.
+      const clash = await manager
+        .getRepository(TrainSchedule)
+        .createQueryBuilder('s')
+        .where('s.status = :status', { status: TrainScheduleStatusEnum.Dispatched })
+        .andWhere('s.train_number = :trainNumber', { trainNumber: schedule.trainNumber })
+        .andWhere('s.id != :id', { id: schedule.id })
+        .getOne();
+      if (clash) {
+        throw new ConflictException(
+          `Train number ${schedule.trainNumber} is already out on ${clash.reference ?? clash.id}; it must arrive before this train dispatches`,
+        );
+      }
+      return schedule.trainNumber;
+    }
 
     // Count container vs bulk wagons from the planned allocations.
     let containerWagons = 0;
@@ -2705,17 +2734,38 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
 
     // Lock the set of currently-active numbered schedules so two concurrent
     // dispatches serialize and can't both claim the same lowest-free number.
+    // DRAFT/SCHEDULED are included because pair numbers are now assigned at
+    // creation and must be invisible to pool picks.
     const activeNumbered = await manager
       .getRepository(TrainSchedule)
       .createQueryBuilder('schedule')
       .setLock('pessimistic_write')
-      .where('schedule.status = :status', { status: TrainScheduleStatusEnum.Dispatched })
+      .where('schedule.status IN (:...statuses)', {
+        statuses: [
+          TrainScheduleStatusEnum.Draft,
+          TrainScheduleStatusEnum.Scheduled,
+          TrainScheduleStatusEnum.Dispatched,
+        ],
+      })
       .andWhere('schedule.train_number IS NOT NULL')
       .getMany();
 
-    const usedNumbers = activeNumbered
-      .map((s) => s.trainNumber)
-      .filter((n): n is string => Boolean(n));
+    // Every typed train pair is reserved for its train — the pool may never
+    // hand one out, even when that train has no active schedule right now.
+    const pairRows: { n: string }[] = await manager.query(
+      `SELECT import_train_number AS n FROM freight.trains
+        WHERE deleted_at IS NULL AND import_train_number IS NOT NULL
+       UNION
+       SELECT export_train_number FROM freight.trains
+        WHERE deleted_at IS NULL AND export_train_number IS NOT NULL`,
+    );
+
+    const usedNumbers = [
+      ...activeNumbered
+        .map((s) => s.trainNumber)
+        .filter((n): n is string => Boolean(n)),
+      ...pairRows.map((row) => row.n),
+    ];
 
     const number = pickLowestFreeNumber(pool.numbers, usedNumbers);
     if (!number) {
@@ -4624,6 +4674,8 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
           code: train.code,
           trainName: train.trainName ?? null,
           status: train.status,
+          importTrainNumber: train.importTrainNumber ?? null,
+          exportTrainNumber: train.exportTrainNumber ?? null,
           currentYardId: train.currentYardId ?? null,
           currentYard: train.currentYard
             ? {
@@ -5522,7 +5574,7 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
       // Per-schedule booking-window rule snapshot — powers the "Booking window
       // settings" editor on the ops board (prefill + save one schedule's
       // override). docReview/payment are not snapshotted per schedule (only their
-      // sum, as reopenDelayMinutes), so the editor prefills them from live config.
+      // sum, as the frozen reopen gap), so the editor prefills them from live config.
       windowRule: {
         windowOpenHour: schedule.ruleWindowOpenHour ?? null,
         windowCloseHour: schedule.ruleWindowCloseHour ?? null,
@@ -5530,7 +5582,6 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
           schedule.ruleWindowDurationHours != null
             ? Number(schedule.ruleWindowDurationHours)
             : null,
-        reopenDelayMinutes: schedule.ruleReopenDelayMinutes ?? null,
         importWindowLeadDays: schedule.ruleImportWindowLeadDays ?? null,
         exportBookingLeadHours: schedule.ruleExportBookingLeadHours ?? null,
         docReviewMinutes: windowCfg.docReviewMinutes,
@@ -6158,6 +6209,7 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
     yardWagonsAvailable: number;
     canAssign: boolean;
     blockReason: string | null;
+    shortage: BookingWagonShortage | null;
   }> {
     if (!schedule.trainSet?.locomotive) {
       return {
@@ -6166,6 +6218,7 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
         yardWagonsAvailable: 0,
         canAssign: false,
         blockReason: 'Schedule has no locomotive',
+        shortage: null,
       };
     }
 
@@ -6186,6 +6239,7 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
         yardWagonsAvailable: 0,
         canAssign: false,
         blockReason: 'No suitable wagon type found',
+        shortage: null,
       };
     }
 
@@ -6230,6 +6284,7 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
         yardWagonsAvailable,
         canAssign: false,
         blockReason: err instanceof Error ? err.message : 'Validation failed',
+        shortage: null,
       };
     }
 
@@ -6240,6 +6295,7 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
         yardWagonsAvailable,
         canAssign: false,
         blockReason: validation.violations[0] ?? 'Booking validation failed',
+        shortage: null,
       };
     }
 
@@ -6259,6 +6315,16 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
           deferred?.reason ??
           yardShortfall ??
           `Need ${wagonsRequired} ${requiredWagonTypeCode} wagon(s) at origin yard`,
+        shortage:
+          deferred?.shortage ??
+          (yardShortfall
+            ? {
+                wagonTypeCodes: requiredWagonTypeCode,
+                wagonsNeeded: wagonsRequired,
+                wagonsAvailable: yardWagonsAvailable,
+                wagonsShort: Math.max(1, wagonsRequired - yardWagonsAvailable),
+              }
+            : null),
       };
     }
 
@@ -6277,6 +6343,7 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
           yardWagonsAvailable,
           canAssign: false,
           blockReason: missing.issue,
+          shortage: null,
         };
       }
     }
@@ -6287,9 +6354,49 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
       yardWagonsAvailable,
       canAssign: true,
       blockReason: null,
+      shortage: null,
     };
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Fleet-shortage preflight for a PAID booking targeting a schedule: the
+   * structured per-type shortage this booking would hit if placed on top of the
+   * schedule's current wagon assignments, or null when it fits (or is blocked
+   * by something other than missing wagons — those keep the legacy link-then-
+   * fix-manually path).
+   */
+  async previewPaidBookingWagonShortage(
+    scheduleId: string,
+    bookingId: string,
+  ): Promise<BookingWagonShortage | null> {
+    const schedule = await this.trainSchedulesRepository.findByIdWithFullGraph(scheduleId);
+    if (!schedule?.trainSet?.locomotive) return null;
+    if (!['DRAFT', 'SCHEDULED'].includes(schedule.status)) return null;
+
+    const [booking] = await this.bookingsRepository.findByIdsForScheduling([bookingId]);
+    if (!booking) return null;
+
+    const wagonAssignedIds = await this.getWagonAssignedBookingIds(scheduleId);
+    const fleetCounts = await this.countFleetAvailability(
+      schedule.originStationId,
+      scheduleId,
+    );
+    const fleetByTypeId = new Map(
+      fleetCounts.map((row) => [
+        row.wagonTypeId,
+        { code: row.wagonTypeCode, available: row.available },
+      ]),
+    );
+
+    const assignability = await this.previewUnassignedBookingAssignability(
+      schedule,
+      wagonAssignedIds,
+      booking,
+      fleetByTypeId,
+    );
+    return assignability.shortage;
+  }
+
   /** Paid (or government) bookings that may be loaded onto wagons — excludes expired / awaiting payment. */
   private isReadyToLoadBooking(booking: {
     status: string;
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/wagon-plan-flex.util.spec.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/wagon-plan-flex.util.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..157666f55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/wagon-plan-flex.util.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+import { Booking } from '../bookings/entities/booking.entity';
+import { WagonType } from '../wagon-types/entities/wagon-type.entity';
+import { planWagonsWithStock } from './wagon-plan-flex.util';
+
+const nw6: WagonType = {
+  id: 'wt-nw6',
+  code: 'NW6',
+  name: 'Flat Wagon',
+  capacityTons: 70,
+  lengthMeters: 14,
+  supportedLoadTypes: ['CONTAINER'],
+  isActive: true,
+  supportsContainer: true,
+} as WagonType;
+
+const cw3: WagonType = {
+  id: 'wt-cw3',
+  code: 'CW3',
+  name: 'Covered Wagon',
+  capacityTons: 60,
+  lengthMeters: 14,
+  supportedLoadTypes: ['BULK'],
+  isActive: true,
+  supportsContainer: false,
+} as WagonType;
+
+const containerBooking = (id: string, quantity: number, wagonsRequired: number): Booking =>
+  ({
+    id,
+    reference: id,
+    freightType: 'CONTAINER',
+    cargoTotalWeightVgm: quantity * 25,
+    bookingContainers: [
+      {
+        id: `${id}-line-0`,
+        containerTypeId: 'ct-1',
+        quantity,
+        wagonsRequired,
+        vgmPerUnitTons: 25,
+      },
+    ],
+  }) as Booking;
+
+describe('planWagonsWithStock — shortage detail', () => {
+  it('defers with a structured per-type shortage when container stock runs out', () => {
+    const result = planWagonsWithStock({
+      bookings: [containerBooking('BKG-1', 2, 1)],
+      allowed: {
+        byContainerTypeId: new Map([['ct-1', [nw6]]]),
+        byCargoTypeId: new Map(),
+      },
+      stock: {
+        mode: 'YARD',
+        remainingByTypeId: new Map([[nw6.id, 0]]),
+        codesByTypeId: new Map([[nw6.id, nw6.code]]),
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(result.fitting).toHaveLength(0);
+    expect(result.deferred).toHaveLength(1);
+    const row = result.deferred[0]!;
+    expect(row.reference).toBe('BKG-1');
+    expect(row.reason).toContain('No available NW6 wagon at the yard');
+    expect(row.reason).toContain('short 1');
+    expect(row.shortage).toEqual({
+      wagonTypeCodes: 'NW6',
+      wagonsNeeded: 1,
+      wagonsAvailable: 0,
+      wagonsShort: 1,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('counts the stock the deferred booking actually saw, not its rolled-back usage', () => {
+    // Two wagons needed (2 × 40ft), one in stock: booking rolls back entirely,
+    // the shortage reports 1 available / 1 short.
+    const fortyFooter = containerBooking('BKG-2', 2, 2);
+    fortyFooter.bookingContainers![0]!.containerType = {
+      code: '40GP',
+      sizeFt: 40,
+      wagonsPerUnit: 1,
+    } as never;
+    const result = planWagonsWithStock({
+      bookings: [fortyFooter],
+      allowed: {
+        byContainerTypeId: new Map([['ct-1', [nw6]]]),
+        byCargoTypeId: new Map(),
+      },
+      stock: {
+        mode: 'YARD',
+        remainingByTypeId: new Map([[nw6.id, 1]]),
+        codesByTypeId: new Map([[nw6.id, nw6.code]]),
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(result.deferred).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(result.deferred[0]?.shortage).toEqual({
+      wagonTypeCodes: 'NW6',
+      wagonsNeeded: 2,
+      wagonsAvailable: 1,
+      wagonsShort: 1,
+    });
+    // The rolled-back wagon is plannable again for later bookings.
+    expect(result.plan).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it('leaves shortage unset for configuration problems', () => {
+    const bulkBooking = {
+      id: 'BKG-3',
+      reference: 'BKG-3',
+      freightType: 'BULK',
+      cargoTotalWeightVgm: 40,
+      cargoTypeId: 'cargo-1',
+      cargoType: { id: 'cargo-1', cargoTypeName: 'Fertilizer' },
+      bookingContainers: [],
+    } as unknown as Booking;
+
+    const result = planWagonsWithStock({
+      bookings: [bulkBooking],
+      allowed: {
+        byContainerTypeId: new Map(),
+        byCargoTypeId: new Map(), // no wagon types configured → config issue
+      },
+      stock: {
+        mode: 'YARD',
+        remainingByTypeId: new Map([[cw3.id, 5]]),
+        codesByTypeId: new Map([[cw3.id, cw3.code]]),
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect(result.configIssues).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(result.deferred[0]?.shortage).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/wagon-plan-flex.util.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/wagon-plan-flex.util.ts
index b4b8657ba..ad4c29aa1 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/wagon-plan-flex.util.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/wagon-plan-flex.util.ts
@@ -2,9 +2,14 @@ import { AllocationLoadType } from '@edr/types';
 
 import { Booking } from '../bookings/entities/booking.entity';
 import { WagonType } from '../wagon-types/entities/wagon-type.entity';
-import { sortBookingsForScheduling, type DeferredBookingRow } from './fleet-plan.util';
+import {
+  sortBookingsForScheduling,
+  type BookingWagonShortage,
+  type DeferredBookingRow,
+} from './fleet-plan.util';
 import {
   MAX_TEU_SLOTS_PER_WAGON,
+  containerWagonsForLines,
   expandBookingContainerUnits,
   roundTons,
   tareTonsOf,
@@ -55,7 +60,12 @@ type OpenSlot = {
   freeCapacityTons: number;
 };
 
-type PlacementProblem = { kind: 'config' | 'stock'; message: string };
+type PlacementProblem = {
+  kind: 'config' | 'stock';
+  message: string;
+  /** Wagon types the failing placement could have used (stock problems only). */
+  candidates?: WagonType[];
+};
 
 const slotFromWagonType = (wagonType: WagonType, kind: SlotLoadType): WagonPlanSlot => ({
   sequenceNo: 0, // stamped at the end
@@ -69,6 +79,38 @@ const slotFromWagonType = (wagonType: WagonType, kind: SlotLoadType): WagonPlanS
   slotLoadType: kind,
 });
 
+/**
+ * Booking-level shortage against the wagon types the failing placement could
+ * use: wagons the whole booking needs vs stock left for those types. Container
+ * counts are TEU-packed per booking; bulk divides by the largest candidate.
+ */
+const shortageFor = (
+  booking: Booking,
+  candidates: WagonType[],
+  remaining: Map<string, number>,
+): BookingWagonShortage => {
+  const wagonsNeeded =
+    booking.freightType === 'BULK'
+      ? Math.max(
+          1,
+          Math.ceil(
+            Number(booking.cargoTotalWeightVgm ?? 0) /
+              Math.max(1, ...candidates.map((wt) => Number(wt.capacityTons))),
+          ),
+        )
+      : Math.max(1, containerWagonsForLines(booking.bookingContainers ?? []));
+  const wagonsAvailable = candidates.reduce(
+    (sum, wt) => sum + (remaining.get(wt.id) ?? 0),
+    0,
+  );
+  return {
+    wagonTypeCodes: [...new Set(candidates.map((wt) => wt.code))].join('/'),
+    wagonsNeeded,
+    wagonsAvailable,
+    wagonsShort: Math.max(1, wagonsNeeded - wagonsAvailable),
+  };
+};
+
 const addAllocation = (
   slot: WagonPlanSlot,
   bookingId: string,
@@ -120,7 +162,9 @@ export function planWagonsWithStock(params: {
     cargoTypeId: string | null,
   ): OpenSlot | PlacementProblem => {
     const inStock = candidates.filter((wt) => (remaining.get(wt.id) ?? 0) > 0);
-    if (!inStock.length) return { kind: 'stock', message: noStockMessage(candidates) };
+    if (!inStock.length) {
+      return { kind: 'stock', message: noStockMessage(candidates), candidates };
+    }
     // Bulk favors the largest wagon (fewest wagons for the tonnage); containers
     // favor the deepest stock so the consist drains evenly. Ties keep config order.
     const chosen = [...inStock].sort((a, b) =>
@@ -271,7 +315,21 @@ export function planWagonsWithStock(params: {
     });
 
     if (problem.kind === 'config') configIssues.add(problem.message);
-    deferred.push({ id: booking.id, reference: booking.reference, reason: problem.message });
+    // remaining is rolled back here, so the shortage counts the stock this
+    // booking actually saw — not what its own partial placement consumed.
+    const shortage =
+      problem.kind === 'stock' && problem.candidates?.length
+        ? shortageFor(booking, problem.candidates, remaining)
+        : null;
+    deferred.push({
+      id: booking.id,
+      reference: booking.reference,
+      reason: shortage
+        ? `${problem.message} — needs ${shortage.wagonsNeeded} × ${shortage.wagonTypeCodes}, ` +
+          `${shortage.wagonsAvailable} available (short ${shortage.wagonsShort})`
+        : problem.message,
+      shortage,
+    });
   }
 
   return {
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/trains/dto/build-train.dto.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/trains/dto/build-train.dto.ts
index c44be8786..b4548edbb 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/trains/dto/build-train.dto.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/trains/dto/build-train.dto.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   IsOptional,
   IsString,
   IsUUID,
+  Matches,
   MaxLength,
 } from 'class-validator';
 
@@ -14,6 +15,22 @@ export class BuildTrainDto {
   @MaxLength(32)
   code!: string;
 
+  @ApiProperty({ example: '8001', description: 'EXPORT run number (odd, unique across trains)' })
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(20)
+  @Matches(/^\d*[13579]$/, {
+    message: 'Export train number must be numeric and odd (e.g. 8001)',
+  })
+  exportTrainNumber!: string;
+
+  @ApiProperty({ example: '8002', description: 'IMPORT run number (even, unique across trains)' })
+  @IsString()
+  @MaxLength(20)
+  @Matches(/^\d*[02468]$/, {
+    message: 'Import train number must be numeric and even (e.g. 8002)',
+  })
+  importTrainNumber!: string;
+
   @ApiProperty({ format: 'uuid', description: 'Yard the train is built in' })
   @IsUUID()
   currentYardId!: string;
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/trains/entities/train.entity.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/trains/entities/train.entity.ts
index 078b07a20..5b26c696a 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/trains/entities/train.entity.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/trains/entities/train.entity.ts
@@ -32,6 +32,14 @@ export class Train extends BaseEntity {
   @Column({ name: 'notes', type: 'text', nullable: true })
   notes?: string | null;
 
+  /** Fixed IMPORT (even) run number typed at build time; unique via partial index. */
+  @Column({ name: 'import_train_number', type: 'varchar', length: 20, nullable: true })
+  importTrainNumber!: string | null;
+
+  /** Fixed EXPORT (odd) run number typed at build time; unique via partial index. */
+  @Column({ name: 'export_train_number', type: 'varchar', length: 20, nullable: true })
+  exportTrainNumber!: string | null;
+
   // --- new required fields ---
   @Column({ name: 'train_number', type: 'varchar', length: 20, unique: true, nullable: true })
   trainNumber?: string;
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/trains/train-builder.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/trains/train-builder.service.ts
index 16ff29d38..d385a424c 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/trains/train-builder.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/trains/train-builder.service.ts
@@ -27,6 +27,15 @@ import {
 
 const round = (value: unknown) => Math.round((Number(value) || 0) * 100) / 100;
 
+/** The one active (DRAFT/SCHEDULED/DISPATCHED) schedule surfaced per built train. */
+export interface ActiveScheduleRef {
+  id: string;
+  status: string;
+  reference: string | null;
+  direction: string | null;
+  trainNumber: string | null;
+}
+
 /**
  * Train Builder — assembles persistent fleet trains (code + 2+ locomotives +
  * ordered wagons, all in one yard) that scheduling can later reference as a
@@ -56,6 +65,25 @@ export class TrainBuilderService {
         throw new ConflictException(`Train code ${code} is already in use`);
       }
 
+      // Friendly 409 before the partial unique indexes (the race-proof backstop):
+      // the typed pair may not collide with any train's pair or legacy number.
+      const importTrainNumber = dto.importTrainNumber.trim();
+      const exportTrainNumber = dto.exportTrainNumber.trim();
+      const numberClash: { code: string }[] = await manager.query(
+        `SELECT code FROM freight.trains
+          WHERE deleted_at IS NULL
+            AND (import_train_number IN ($1, $2)
+                 OR export_train_number IN ($1, $2)
+                 OR train_number IN ($1, $2))
+          LIMIT 1`,
+        [importTrainNumber, exportTrainNumber],
+      );
+      if (numberClash.length) {
+        throw new ConflictException(
+          `Train number ${importTrainNumber}/${exportTrainNumber} is already used by train ${numberClash[0].code}`,
+        );
+      }
+
       const yard = await manager.getRepository(Yard).findOne({ where: { id: dto.currentYardId } });
       if (!yard) throw new NotFoundException(`Yard ${dto.currentYardId} not found`);
 
@@ -76,6 +104,8 @@ export class TrainBuilderService {
           status: Freight.TrainStatus.Available,
           trainName: dto.trainName?.trim() || undefined,
           notes: dto.notes?.trim() || undefined,
+          importTrainNumber,
+          exportTrainNumber,
         }),
       );
 
@@ -117,12 +147,42 @@ export class TrainBuilderService {
       take,
     });
 
+    const activeByTrain = await this.loadActiveScheduleByTrain(trains.map((t) => t.id));
+
     return {
-      items: trains.map((train) => this.mapSummary(train)),
+      items: trains.map((train) => this.mapSummary(train, activeByTrain.get(train.id) ?? null)),
       meta: buildPaginationMeta(total, page, pageSize),
     };
   }
 
+  /**
+   * One ACTIVE schedule per train for the page (prefer the DISPATCHED run,
+   * else the earliest upcoming departure) — feeds the list's direction tint
+   * and in-use train number.
+   */
+  private async loadActiveScheduleByTrain(
+    trainIds: string[],
+  ): Promise<Map<string, ActiveScheduleRef>> {
+    if (!trainIds.length) return new Map();
+    const rows: (ActiveScheduleRef & { trainId: string })[] = await this.dataSource.query(
+      `SELECT DISTINCT ON (tset.train_id)
+              tset.train_id AS "trainId",
+              ts.id,
+              ts.status,
+              ts.reference,
+              ts.direction,
+              ts.train_number AS "trainNumber"
+         FROM freight.train_schedules ts
+         JOIN freight.train_sets tset ON tset.id = ts.train_set_id
+        WHERE tset.train_id = ANY($1)
+          AND ts.deleted_at IS NULL
+          AND ts.status IN ('DRAFT', 'SCHEDULED', 'DISPATCHED')
+        ORDER BY tset.train_id, (ts.status = 'DISPATCHED') DESC, ts.scheduled_departure_date ASC`,
+      [trainIds],
+    );
+    return new Map(rows.map(({ trainId, ...schedule }) => [trainId, schedule]));
+  }
+
   /** Full consist: yard, ordered locomotives + wagons, totals vs. haul limits. */
   async getComposition(id: string) {
     const train = await this.dataSource.getRepository(Train).findOne({
@@ -139,17 +199,17 @@ export class TrainBuilderService {
     });
     if (!train) throw new NotFoundException(`Train ${id} not found`);
 
-    const schedules: { id: string; status: string; reference: string | null }[] =
-      await this.dataSource.query(
-        `SELECT ts.id, ts.status, ts.reference
-           FROM freight.train_schedules ts
-           JOIN freight.train_sets tset ON tset.id = ts.train_set_id
-          WHERE tset.train_id = $1
-            AND ts.deleted_at IS NULL
-            AND ts.status IN ('DRAFT', 'SCHEDULED', 'DISPATCHED')
-          ORDER BY ts.scheduled_departure_date ASC`,
-        [id],
-      );
+    const schedules: ActiveScheduleRef[] = await this.dataSource.query(
+      `SELECT ts.id, ts.status, ts.reference, ts.direction,
+              ts.train_number AS "trainNumber"
+         FROM freight.train_schedules ts
+         JOIN freight.train_sets tset ON tset.id = ts.train_set_id
+        WHERE tset.train_id = $1
+          AND ts.deleted_at IS NULL
+          AND ts.status IN ('DRAFT', 'SCHEDULED', 'DISPATCHED')
+        ORDER BY ts.scheduled_departure_date ASC`,
+      [id],
+    );
 
     const locomotives = (train.locomotives ?? [])
       .filter((link) => link.locomotive)
@@ -212,6 +272,8 @@ export class TrainBuilderService {
       code: train.code,
       trainName: train.trainName ?? null,
       status: train.status,
+      importTrainNumber: train.importTrainNumber ?? null,
+      exportTrainNumber: train.exportTrainNumber ?? null,
       notes: train.notes ?? null,
       createdAt: train.createdAt,
       currentYard: train.currentYard
@@ -407,7 +469,7 @@ export class TrainBuilderService {
 
   // ---------------------------------------------------------------- internals
 
-  private mapSummary(train: Train) {
+  private mapSummary(train: Train, activeSchedule: ActiveScheduleRef | null) {
     const locomotives = [...(train.locomotives ?? [])]
       .sort((a, b) => a.sequenceNo - b.sequenceNo)
       .map((link) => link.locomotive)
@@ -421,6 +483,9 @@ export class TrainBuilderService {
       code: train.code,
       trainName: train.trainName ?? null,
       status: train.status,
+      importTrainNumber: train.importTrainNumber ?? null,
+      exportTrainNumber: train.exportTrainNumber ?? null,
+      activeSchedule,
       createdAt: train.createdAt,
       currentYard: train.currentYard
         ? { id: train.currentYard.id, code: train.currentYard.code, label: train.currentYard.label }
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/contracts/GlUpcomingWindowsSection.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/contracts/GlUpcomingWindowsSection.tsx
index c35537d9e..ba9e01402 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/contracts/GlUpcomingWindowsSection.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/contracts/GlUpcomingWindowsSection.tsx
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ import {
   ChevronLeft,
   ChevronRight,
 } from "lucide-react";
-import { CountdownTimer } from "@edr/ui-common";
+import { CountdownTimer, bookingWindowUiState } from "@edr/ui-common";
+import type { BookingWindowUiKind } from "@edr/ui-common";
 
 import { useBookingWindowSocket } from "@/features/bookingWindows/useBookingWindowSocket";
 import { api } from "@/services/api";
@@ -81,51 +82,40 @@ function windowLabel(w: WindowRow): string {
 }
 
 /**
- * The countdown for whichever phase the window is currently in, mirroring the
- * customer portal. `expiredText` names the NEXT step so a deadline that lapses
- * between refetches announces what comes next rather than the bare "Expired".
+ * The countdown for the window's UI state, mirroring the customer portal.
+ * Derived from the SAME state as the badge (`bookingWindowUiState`) so they
+ * can never contradict — a full train shows no ticking countdown.
+ * `expiredText` names the NEXT step so a deadline that lapses between
+ * refetches announces what comes next rather than the bare "Expired".
  */
+const COUNTDOWN_TEXT: Partial<
+  Record<BookingWindowUiKind, { label: string; expiredText: string }>
+> = {
+  PRE_WINDOW: { label: "Opens in", expiredText: "Opening now…" },
+  OPEN: { label: "Closes in", expiredText: "Review starting…" },
+  DOC_REVIEW: { label: "Doc review ends in", expiredText: "Payment starting…" },
+  PAYMENT: { label: "Payment ends in", expiredText: "Closing…" },
+};
+
 function phaseCountdown(
   w: WindowRow,
 ): { label: string; deadline: string; expiredText: string } | null {
-  switch (w.windowPhase) {
-    case "PRE_WINDOW":
-      return w.windowOpensAt
-        ? {
-            label: "Opens in",
-            deadline: w.windowOpensAt,
-            expiredText: "Opening now…",
-          }
-        : null;
-    case "OPEN":
-      return w.windowClosesAt
-        ? {
-            label: "Closes in",
-            deadline: w.windowClosesAt,
-            expiredText: "Review starting…",
-          }
-        : null;
-    case "DOC_REVIEW":
-      return w.docReviewEndsAt
-        ? {
-            label: "Doc review ends in",
-            deadline: w.docReviewEndsAt,
-            expiredText: "Payment starting…",
-          }
-        : null;
-    case "PAYMENT":
-      return w.paymentPhaseEndsAt
-        ? {
-            label: "Payment ends in",
-            deadline: w.paymentPhaseEndsAt,
-            expiredText: "Closing…",
-          }
-        : null;
-    default:
-      return null;
-  }
+  const state = bookingWindowUiState(w);
+  const text = COUNTDOWN_TEXT[state.kind];
+  if (!state.countdownTo || !text) return null;
+  return { ...text, deadline: state.countdownTo };
 }
 
+/** Badge label + Mantine color per UI state — same state the countdown uses. */
+const KIND_BADGE: Record<BookingWindowUiKind, { label: string; color: string }> = {
+  OPEN: { label: "Open now", color: "edr-green" },
+  FULL: { label: "Train full", color: "red" },
+  PRE_WINDOW: { label: "Opens soon", color: "yellow" },
+  DOC_REVIEW: { label: "Doc review", color: "gray" },
+  PAYMENT: { label: "Payment", color: "gray" },
+  CLOSED: { label: "Closed", color: "gray" },
+};
+
 /**
  * Drop windows the SERVER considers finished — keyed off windowPhase, never the
  * client clock. The server query already excludes terminal / departed rows;
@@ -139,7 +129,9 @@ function isPast(w: WindowRow): boolean {
 
 function WindowCard({ w }: { w: WindowRow }) {
   const cd = phaseCountdown(w);
-  const open = w.isOpenNow;
+  const state = bookingWindowUiState(w);
+  const badge = KIND_BADGE[state.kind];
+  const open = state.isBookable;
   const isImport = w.direction === "IMPORT";
 
   return (
@@ -177,13 +169,11 @@ function WindowCard({ w }: { w: WindowRow }) {
             )}
             <Badge
               variant={open ? "filled" : "light"}
-              color={open ? "edr-green" : "gray"}
+              color={badge.color}
               radius="sm"
               size="sm"
             >
-              {open
-                ? "Open now"
-                : (w.windowPhase ?? w.bookingWindowStatus).replace(/_/g, " ")}
+              {badge.label}
             </Badge>
           </Group>
 
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainBuilder/BuildTrainModal.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainBuilder/BuildTrainModal.tsx
index 74f897728..6eb2ab9a8 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainBuilder/BuildTrainModal.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainBuilder/BuildTrainModal.tsx
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ const parseError = (error: unknown, fallback: string) => {
   return fallback;
 };
 
+// Run-number parity carries the trade direction: odd = export, even = import.
+const isOddNumber = (value: string) => /^\d*[13579]$/.test(value.trim());
+const isEvenNumber = (value: string) => /^\d*[02468]$/.test(value.trim());
+
 /**
  * Step one of the Train Builder: give the train its operator code, pick the
  * yard it is being assembled in, and couple at least two locomotives from that
@@ -34,6 +38,8 @@ const parseError = (error: unknown, fallback: string) => {
 export default function BuildTrainModal({ opened, onClose, onBuilt }: BuildTrainModalProps) {
   const { toast } = useToast();
   const [code, setCode] = useState("");
+  const [exportTrainNumber, setExportTrainNumber] = useState("");
+  const [importTrainNumber, setImportTrainNumber] = useState("");
   const [trainName, setTrainName] = useState("");
   const [yardId, setYardId] = useState("");
   const [locomotiveIds, setLocomotiveIds] = useState<string[]>([]);
@@ -57,6 +63,8 @@ export default function BuildTrainModal({ opened, onClose, onBuilt }: BuildTrain
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!opened) {
       setCode("");
+      setExportTrainNumber("");
+      setImportTrainNumber("");
       setTrainName("");
       setYardId("");
       setLocomotiveIds([]);
@@ -72,9 +80,18 @@ export default function BuildTrainModal({ opened, onClose, onBuilt }: BuildTrain
       });
       return;
     }
+    if (!isOddNumber(exportTrainNumber) || !isEvenNumber(importTrainNumber)) {
+      toast({
+        title: "Enter both run numbers — export must be odd (e.g. 8001), import even (e.g. 8002)",
+        variant: "destructive",
+      });
+      return;
+    }
     try {
       const composition = await build.mutateAsync({
         code: code.trim(),
+        exportTrainNumber: exportTrainNumber.trim(),
+        importTrainNumber: importTrainNumber.trim(),
         currentYardId: yardId,
         locomotiveIds,
         ...(trainName.trim() ? { trainName: trainName.trim() } : {}),
@@ -126,6 +143,34 @@ export default function BuildTrainModal({ opened, onClose, onBuilt }: BuildTrain
             maxLength={100}
           />
         </Group>
+        <Group grow>
+          <TextInput
+            label="Export train number"
+            description="Odd — Ethiopia → Djibouti runs"
+            placeholder="e.g. 8001"
+            value={exportTrainNumber}
+            onChange={(e) => setExportTrainNumber(e.currentTarget.value)}
+            maxLength={20}
+            error={
+              exportTrainNumber && !isOddNumber(exportTrainNumber)
+                ? "Must be numeric and odd"
+                : undefined
+            }
+          />
+          <TextInput
+            label="Import train number"
+            description="Even — Djibouti → Ethiopia runs"
+            placeholder="e.g. 8002"
+            value={importTrainNumber}
+            onChange={(e) => setImportTrainNumber(e.currentTarget.value)}
+            maxLength={20}
+            error={
+              importTrainNumber && !isEvenNumber(importTrainNumber)
+                ? "Must be numeric and even"
+                : undefined
+            }
+          />
+        </Group>
         <Select
           label="Build yard"
           placeholder="Select the yard the train is assembled in"
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainBuilder/trainStatus.ts b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainBuilder/trainStatus.ts
index 696e6cc6e..7cbdfcc52 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainBuilder/trainStatus.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainBuilder/trainStatus.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import type { CSSProperties } from "react";
+
 import type { BuiltTrainStatus } from "@/services/trainBuilder.service";
 
 /** Badge color per built-train lifecycle status (Mantine palette keys). */
@@ -23,3 +25,17 @@ export const trainStatusLabel = (status: BuiltTrainStatus | string): string =>
     .toLowerCase()
     .replace(/_/g, " ")
     .replace(/^\w/, (c) => c.toUpperCase());
+
+/** Badge color per trade direction (Mantine palette keys). */
+export const directionColor = (direction?: string | null): string =>
+  direction === "IMPORT" ? "blue" : direction === "EXPORT" ? "orange" : "gray";
+
+/** Row background tint for a train whose active schedule runs in `direction`. */
+export const directionRowStyle = (
+  direction?: string | null,
+): CSSProperties | undefined =>
+  direction === "IMPORT"
+    ? { backgroundColor: "var(--mantine-color-blue-0)" }
+    : direction === "EXPORT"
+      ? { backgroundColor: "var(--mantine-color-orange-0)" }
+      : undefined;
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainScheduling/ScheduleWorkspacePanel.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainScheduling/ScheduleWorkspacePanel.tsx
index 6a6ba09d9..2b944b7a3 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainScheduling/ScheduleWorkspacePanel.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainScheduling/ScheduleWorkspacePanel.tsx
@@ -152,6 +152,9 @@ export function ScheduleWorkspacePanel({
 
   // ── Mutations (reuse the existing endpoints) ───────────────────────────────
   const assign = useMutation(api.trainScheduling.assignBookings.mutationOptions());
+  const assignUnassigned = useMutation(
+    api.trainScheduling.assignUnassignedBooking.mutationOptions(),
+  );
   const unassign = useMutation(api.trainScheduling.unassignBooking.mutationOptions());
   const setLoading = useMutation(
     api.trainScheduling.setLoadingStatus.mutationOptions(),
@@ -166,6 +169,12 @@ export function ScheduleWorkspacePanel({
   const [moveBookingId, setMoveBookingId] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [moveTarget, setMoveTarget] = useState<string | null>(null);
 
+  // Pool → pick a same-day schedule with free wagons and place the booking there.
+  const [poolAssign, setPoolAssign] = useState<{ id: string; reference: string } | null>(
+    null,
+  );
+  const [poolTarget, setPoolTarget] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
   const { data: targets } = useQuery(
     api.trainScheduling.bookableSchedules.queryOptions({
       input: {
@@ -190,6 +199,22 @@ export function ScheduleWorkspacePanel({
     [targets, schedule.id],
   );
 
+  // Every schedule departing on THIS train's day (EAT) — a paid booking waiting
+  // for a wagon may board any of them, so staff pick whichever has wagons free.
+  const eatDayOf = (iso: string) =>
+    new Date(iso).toLocaleDateString("en-CA", { timeZone: "Africa/Addis_Ababa" });
+  const sameDayOptions = useMemo(() => {
+    const day = eatDayOf(schedule.scheduledDepartureDate);
+    return (targets ?? [])
+      .filter((s) => eatDayOf(s.scheduleDate) === day)
+      .map((s) => ({
+        value: s.id,
+        label: `${s.id === schedule.id ? "This train · " : ""}${
+          s.routeName ?? `${s.origin} → ${s.destination}`
+        } · ${s.remainingWagons}/${s.maxWagons} wagons free`,
+      }));
+  }, [targets, schedule.id, schedule.scheduledDepartureDate]);
+
   // ── Capacity meter (by cargo weight vs locomotive pull) ────────────────────
   const used = usedWeight(schedule);
   const capacity = pullCapacity(schedule);
@@ -288,6 +313,36 @@ export function ScheduleWorkspacePanel({
       );
   };
 
+  // Point the pool booking at the chosen same-day train, then put it on wagons.
+  // If the wagon step fails (that train is short too) the booking stays paid &
+  // unassigned in the pool — nothing is lost, staff just pick another train.
+  const doPoolAssign = () => {
+    if (!poolAssign || !poolTarget) return;
+    const { id: bookingId, reference } = poolAssign;
+    moveSchedule
+      .mutateAsync({ bookingId, trainScheduleId: poolTarget })
+      .then(() => assignUnassigned.mutateAsync({ id: poolTarget, bookingId }))
+      .then(() => {
+        toast({
+          title: `${reference} assigned`,
+          description: "Booking placed on the selected train with wagons pinned.",
+        });
+        setPoolAssign(null);
+        onChanged();
+        void poolQuery.refetch();
+      })
+      .catch((error) =>
+        toast({
+          title: `Could not assign ${reference}`,
+          description: apiErrorMessage(
+            error,
+            "The selected train has no free wagon of the required type.",
+          ),
+          variant: "destructive",
+        }),
+      );
+  };
+
   const doMove = () => {
     if (!moveBookingId || !moveTarget) return;
     moveSchedule
@@ -465,20 +520,41 @@ export function ScheduleWorkspacePanel({
                 customer={b.customer}
                 weightTons={b.weightTons}
                 status={b.status}
+                waitingForWagon={b.schedulingStatus === "WAITING_FOR_WAGON"}
                 right={
                   canManage ? (
-                    <Tooltip label="Force-add to this train" withArrow>
-                      <Button
-                        size="compact-sm"
-                        color="edr-green"
-                        radius="md"
-                        rightSection={<ArrowRight size={14} />}
-                        loading={assign.isPending}
-                        onClick={() => forceAdd(b.id, b.reference, b.weightTons)}
+                    <Group gap={6} wrap="nowrap" justify="flex-end">
+                      <Tooltip label="Force-add to this train" withArrow>
+                        <Button
+                          size="compact-sm"
+                          color="edr-green"
+                          radius="md"
+                          rightSection={<ArrowRight size={14} />}
+                          loading={assign.isPending}
+                          onClick={() => forceAdd(b.id, b.reference, b.weightTons)}
+                        >
+                          Add
+                        </Button>
+                      </Tooltip>
+                      <Tooltip
+                        label="Pick any train departing this day that has wagons free"
+                        withArrow
                       >
-                        Add
-                      </Button>
-                    </Tooltip>
+                        <Button
+                          size="compact-sm"
+                          variant="light"
+                          color="edr-green"
+                          radius="md"
+                          leftSection={<ArrowLeftRight size={13} />}
+                          onClick={() => {
+                            setPoolAssign({ id: b.id, reference: b.reference });
+                            setPoolTarget(null);
+                          }}
+                        >
+                          Add to…
+                        </Button>
+                      </Tooltip>
+                    </Group>
                   ) : null
                 }
               />
@@ -588,6 +664,52 @@ export function ScheduleWorkspacePanel({
         </Group>
       </Stack>
 
+      {/* Pool → same-day train assignment modal */}
+      <Modal
+        opened={Boolean(poolAssign)}
+        onClose={() => setPoolAssign(null)}
+        title={
+          <Group gap={8}>
+            <Train size={18} />
+            <Text fw={700}>
+              Assign {poolAssign?.reference ?? "booking"} to a train on this day
+            </Text>
+          </Group>
+        }
+        centered
+        radius="lg"
+      >
+        <Stack gap="md">
+          <Text size="xs" c="dimmed">
+            All open trains departing on this schedule&apos;s day. Pick one with
+            free wagons — the booking is placed and its wagons pinned in one step.
+          </Text>
+          <Select
+            label="Target train (same day)"
+            placeholder="Select a departure"
+            data={sameDayOptions}
+            value={poolTarget}
+            onChange={setPoolTarget}
+            searchable
+            nothingFoundMessage="No open schedules depart on this day"
+          />
+          <Group justify="flex-end">
+            <Button variant="default" onClick={() => setPoolAssign(null)}>
+              Cancel
+            </Button>
+            <Button
+              color="edr-green"
+              disabled={!poolTarget}
+              loading={moveSchedule.isPending || assignUnassigned.isPending}
+              leftSection={<CheckCircle2 size={16} />}
+              onClick={doPoolAssign}
+            >
+              Assign to train
+            </Button>
+          </Group>
+        </Stack>
+      </Modal>
+
       {/* Reassign modal */}
       <Modal
         opened={Boolean(moveBookingId)}
@@ -710,6 +832,7 @@ function BookingCard({
   weightTons,
   status,
   loadingStatus,
+  waitingForWagon,
   right,
 }: {
   reference: string;
@@ -717,6 +840,8 @@ function BookingCard({
   weightTons?: number | null;
   status?: string | null;
   loadingStatus?: "LOADED" | "UNLOADED";
+  /** Paid, but no wagon of the required type was free — waiting for one. */
+  waitingForWagon?: boolean;
   right?: React.ReactNode;
 }) {
   return (
@@ -742,6 +867,16 @@ function BookingCard({
               {reference}
             </Text>
             {status ? <BookingStatusBadge status={status} /> : null}
+            {waitingForWagon ? (
+              <Tooltip
+                label="Paid, but no wagon of the required type was free. Free a wagon or assign it to a same-day train that has one."
+                withArrow
+              >
+                <Badge size="sm" radius="sm" variant="light" color="orange">
+                  Waiting for wagon
+                </Badge>
+              </Tooltip>
+            ) : null}
             {loadingStatus ? (
               <Badge
                 size="sm"
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainBuilder/TrainBuilderDetailPage.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainBuilder/TrainBuilderDetailPage.tsx
index e88fcc893..a288d02c1 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainBuilder/TrainBuilderDetailPage.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainBuilder/TrainBuilderDetailPage.tsx
@@ -32,7 +32,11 @@ import AvailableWagonsPanel from "@/components/trainBuilder/AvailableWagonsPanel
 import ChangeLocomotivesModal from "@/components/trainBuilder/ChangeLocomotivesModal";
 import ChangeYardModal from "@/components/trainBuilder/ChangeYardModal";
 import ConsistWagonList from "@/components/trainBuilder/ConsistWagonList";
-import { trainStatusColor, trainStatusLabel } from "@/components/trainBuilder/trainStatus";
+import {
+  directionColor,
+  trainStatusColor,
+  trainStatusLabel,
+} from "@/components/trainBuilder/trainStatus";
 import { TrainCompositionDiagram } from "@/components/trainScheduling/TrainCompositionDiagram";
 import { KpiStrip, PageContainer, PageHeader } from "@/components/page";
 import { api } from "@/services/api";
@@ -128,9 +132,17 @@ export default function TrainBuilderDetailPage() {
         }
         backTo="/dashboard/train-builder"
         meta={
-          <Badge color={trainStatusColor(composition.status)} variant="light">
-            {trainStatusLabel(composition.status)}
-          </Badge>
+          <Group gap="xs">
+            <Badge color={trainStatusColor(composition.status)} variant="light">
+              {trainStatusLabel(composition.status)}
+            </Badge>
+            <Badge color="blue" variant="light" ff="monospace">
+              IMP {composition.importTrainNumber ?? "—"}
+            </Badge>
+            <Badge color="orange" variant="light" ff="monospace">
+              EXP {composition.exportTrainNumber ?? "—"}
+            </Badge>
+          </Group>
         }
         action={
           <Menu position="bottom-end" withinPortal shadow="md" width={220}>
@@ -289,6 +301,16 @@ export default function TrainBuilderDetailPage() {
                   <Text size="sm" ff="monospace" fw={600}>
                     {schedule.reference ?? schedule.id.slice(0, 8)}
                   </Text>
+                  {schedule.trainNumber ? (
+                    <Text size="sm" ff="monospace" fw={700}>
+                      {schedule.trainNumber}
+                    </Text>
+                  ) : null}
+                  {schedule.direction ? (
+                    <Badge size="sm" variant="light" color={directionColor(schedule.direction)}>
+                      {schedule.direction}
+                    </Badge>
+                  ) : null}
                   <Badge size="sm" variant="light">
                     {schedule.status}
                   </Badge>
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainBuilder/TrainBuilderListPage.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainBuilder/TrainBuilderListPage.tsx
index 53bd1a818..de6b96aa5 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainBuilder/TrainBuilderListPage.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainBuilder/TrainBuilderListPage.tsx
@@ -27,7 +27,12 @@ import { useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
 import { KpiStrip, PageContainer, PageHeader } from "@/components/page";
 import { ruleEngineTable } from "@/components/ruleEngine/ruleEngineStyles";
 import BuildTrainModal from "@/components/trainBuilder/BuildTrainModal";
-import { trainStatusColor, trainStatusLabel } from "@/components/trainBuilder/trainStatus";
+import {
+  directionColor,
+  directionRowStyle,
+  trainStatusColor,
+  trainStatusLabel,
+} from "@/components/trainBuilder/trainStatus";
 import { api } from "@/services/api";
 import type {
   BuiltTrainListFilters,
@@ -146,6 +151,32 @@ export default function TrainBuilderListPage() {
           </Group>
         ),
       },
+      {
+        id: "numbers",
+        header: "Train No.",
+        meta: { headerClassName, cellClassName },
+        cell: ({ row }) => {
+          const active = row.original.activeSchedule;
+          return (
+            <Stack gap={2}>
+              {active?.trainNumber ? (
+                <Group gap={6} wrap="nowrap">
+                  <Text size="sm" fw={700} ff="monospace" lh={1.2}>
+                    {active.trainNumber}
+                  </Text>
+                  <Badge size="xs" variant="light" color={directionColor(active.direction)}>
+                    {active.direction ?? "—"}
+                  </Badge>
+                </Group>
+              ) : null}
+              <Text size="xs" c="dimmed" ff="monospace" lh={1.2}>
+                IMP {row.original.importTrainNumber ?? "—"} · EXP{" "}
+                {row.original.exportTrainNumber ?? "—"}
+              </Text>
+            </Stack>
+          );
+        },
+      },
       {
         id: "yard",
         header: "Yard",
@@ -293,6 +324,7 @@ export default function TrainBuilderListPage() {
             data={trains}
             status={tableStatus}
             onRowClick={(train) => navigate(`/dashboard/train-builder/${train.id}`)}
+            rowStyle={(train) => directionRowStyle(train.activeSchedule?.direction)}
             error={
               trainsQuery.isError
                 ? {
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainScheduling/TrainScheduleV2DetailPage.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainScheduling/TrainScheduleV2DetailPage.tsx
index 2fa5b2ee0..671b351b7 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainScheduling/TrainScheduleV2DetailPage.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainScheduling/TrainScheduleV2DetailPage.tsx
@@ -244,6 +244,21 @@ export default function TrainScheduleV2DetailPage() {
     return [];
   }, [previewResult?.wagonPlan, schedule?.trainSet?.wagons]);
 
+  // EXPORT schedules render the consist back-to-front (the train turns around
+  // for the return run) — DISPLAY ONLY: stored sequenceNos, allocations,
+  // documents, and the adjust-consist / placement flows keep the as-built order.
+  const isExportDisplay = schedule?.direction === "EXPORT";
+  const displayWagonPlanOriented = useMemo(
+    () => (isExportDisplay ? [...displayWagonPlan].reverse() : displayWagonPlan),
+    [displayWagonPlan, isExportDisplay],
+  );
+  const diagramWagons = useMemo(() => {
+    const source = schedule?.trainSet?.wagons?.length
+      ? schedule.trainSet.wagons
+      : displayWagonPlan;
+    return isExportDisplay ? [...source].reverse() : source;
+  }, [schedule?.trainSet?.wagons, displayWagonPlan, isExportDisplay]);
+
   const runPreview = useCallback(
     async (options?: { silent?: boolean; advanceStep?: boolean }) => {
       if (!schedule || !scheduleId) return null;
@@ -683,7 +698,12 @@ export default function TrainScheduleV2DetailPage() {
             fleetAvailability={previewResult?.fleetAvailability}
             deferredBookings={previewResult?.deferredBookings}
           />
-          <WagonPlanGrid wagonPlan={displayWagonPlan} freightType={freightType} />
+          {isExportDisplay && displayWagonPlanOriented.length ? (
+            <Text size="xs" c="dimmed">
+              Shown rear-first (export direction) — positions keep their original numbers.
+            </Text>
+          ) : null}
+          <WagonPlanGrid wagonPlan={displayWagonPlanOriented} freightType={freightType} />
           {canEditBookings && (previewResult || displayWagonPlan.length) ? (
             <Group>
               {!hasContainerStep ? (
@@ -760,15 +780,16 @@ export default function TrainScheduleV2DetailPage() {
         <TrainCompositionDiagram
           locomotive={schedule.trainSet?.locomotive}
           locomotives={locomotives}
-          wagons={
-            schedule.trainSet?.wagons?.length
-              ? schedule.trainSet.wagons
-              : displayWagonPlan
-          }
+          wagons={diagramWagons}
           freightType={freightType}
-          trainNumber={schedule.train ? schedule.train.code : schedule.trainNumber}
+          trainNumber={schedule.trainNumber ?? schedule.train?.code ?? null}
           totalLengthMeters={schedule.trainSet?.totalLengthMeters}
         />
+        {isExportDisplay && diagramWagons.length ? (
+          <Text size="xs" c="dimmed">
+            Shown rear-first (export direction) — positions keep their original numbers.
+          </Text>
+        ) : null}
         <Paper
           p="lg"
           radius="lg"
@@ -885,6 +906,11 @@ export default function TrainScheduleV2DetailPage() {
                       {schedule.trainNumber}
                     </Badge>
                   ) : null}
+                  {schedule.train ? (
+                    <Text size="xs" c="dimmed" ff="monospace">
+                      Train {schedule.train.code}
+                    </Text>
+                  ) : null}
                 </Group>
                 <Box maw={340}>
                   <RouteCorridor
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainScheduling/TrainScheduleV2ListPage.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainScheduling/TrainScheduleV2ListPage.tsx
index 322957441..b5b2e3465 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainScheduling/TrainScheduleV2ListPage.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainScheduling/TrainScheduleV2ListPage.tsx
@@ -327,19 +327,24 @@ export default function TrainScheduleV2ListPage() {
         header: "Train",
         meta: { headerClassName, cellClassName },
         cell: ({ row }) => {
-          // Schedules created from the Train Builder carry the train code;
-          // legacy rows fall back to their locomotive set.
+          // Schedules created from the Train Builder show the direction-matched
+          // run number first (falling back to the train code); legacy rows fall
+          // back to their locomotive set.
           if (row.original.train) {
+            const subtitle = [row.original.trainNumber ? row.original.train.code : null,
+              row.original.train.trainName]
+              .filter(Boolean)
+              .join(" · ");
             return (
               <Group gap={6} wrap="nowrap">
                 <Train size={14} color="var(--mantine-color-gray-5)" />
                 <Stack gap={0}>
                   <Text size="sm" fw={600} ff="monospace" lh={1.2}>
-                    {row.original.train.code}
+                    {row.original.trainNumber ?? row.original.train.code}
                   </Text>
-                  {row.original.train.trainName ? (
+                  {subtitle ? (
                     <Text size="xs" c="dimmed" lh={1.2}>
-                      {row.original.train.trainName}
+                      {subtitle}
                     </Text>
                   ) : null}
                 </Stack>
@@ -758,14 +763,21 @@ export default function TrainScheduleV2ListPage() {
             label="Train"
             description="A built train (Train Builder) runs this departure with its locomotives and wagons"
             placeholder={routeId ? "Select a train" : "Select a route first"}
-            data={(trainsQuery.data ?? []).map((train) => ({
-              value: train.id,
-              label: `${train.code}${train.trainName ? ` — ${train.trainName}` : ""} · ${
-                train.locomotives.length
-              } locos · ${train.wagonCount} wagons${train.atOriginYard ? "" : " · not at origin yard"}${
-                train.futureScheduleCount ? ` · ${train.futureScheduleCount} future run(s)` : ""
-              }`,
-            }))}
+            data={(trainsQuery.data ?? []).map((train) => {
+              // Route direction picks which of the train's typed pair this run uses.
+              const runNumber =
+                selectedRoute?.direction === "IMPORT"
+                  ? train.importTrainNumber
+                  : train.exportTrainNumber;
+              return {
+                value: train.id,
+                label: `${train.code}${train.trainName ? ` — ${train.trainName}` : ""}${
+                  runNumber ? ` · runs as ${runNumber}` : ""
+                } · ${train.locomotives.length} locos · ${train.wagonCount} wagons${
+                  train.atOriginYard ? "" : " · not at origin yard"
+                }${train.futureScheduleCount ? ` · ${train.futureScheduleCount} future run(s)` : ""}`,
+              };
+            })}
             value={trainId || null}
             onChange={(v) => setTrainId(v ?? "")}
             searchable
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainScheduling/TrainSchedulingGlobalRulesPage.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainScheduling/TrainSchedulingGlobalRulesPage.tsx
index 0186d5acb..fb02133f2 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainScheduling/TrainSchedulingGlobalRulesPage.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainScheduling/TrainSchedulingGlobalRulesPage.tsx
@@ -62,7 +62,6 @@ export default function TrainSchedulingGlobalRulesPage() {
       "windowDurationHours",
       "docReviewMinutes",
       "paymentWindowMinutes",
-      "reopenDelayMinutes",
     ];
     const payload: Partial<Record<keyof TrainSchedulingGlobalRules, number>> = {};
     for (const key of fields) {
@@ -261,17 +260,6 @@ export default function TrainSchedulingGlobalRulesPage() {
             min={1}
             disabled={loading}
           />
-          <DurationField
-            label="Reopen delay"
-            description="Delay after window close before reopening when the train is not full (90 min = 11:00 close → 12:30 reopen)"
-            value={form.reopenDelayMinutes ?? ""}
-            nativeUnit="minutes"
-            onChange={(value) =>
-              setForm((current) => ({ ...current, reopenDelayMinutes: value }))
-            }
-            min={1}
-            disabled={loading}
-          />
           <Group justify="flex-end">
             <Button loading={saving} disabled={loading} onClick={() => void handleSave()}>
               Save rules
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/services/trainBuilder.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/services/trainBuilder.service.ts
index d88cd3ed6..e6af4c7dc 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/services/trainBuilder.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/services/trainBuilder.service.ts
@@ -17,11 +17,27 @@ export interface YardRefLite {
   label: string;
 }
 
+export type TradeDirection = "IMPORT" | "EXPORT" | "DOMESTIC";
+
+/** The one active (DRAFT/SCHEDULED/DISPATCHED) schedule surfaced per built train. */
+export interface ActiveScheduleRef {
+  id: string;
+  status: string;
+  reference: string | null;
+  direction: TradeDirection | null;
+  trainNumber: string | null;
+}
+
 export interface BuiltTrainSummary {
   id: string;
   code: string;
   trainName: string | null;
   status: BuiltTrainStatus;
+  /** Fixed IMPORT (even) run number typed at build time. */
+  importTrainNumber: string | null;
+  /** Fixed EXPORT (odd) run number typed at build time. */
+  exportTrainNumber: string | null;
+  activeSchedule: ActiveScheduleRef | null;
   createdAt: string;
   currentYard: YardRefLite | null;
   locomotives: Array<{ id: string; code: string; name: string | null }>;
@@ -80,13 +96,15 @@ export interface TrainComposition {
   code: string;
   trainName: string | null;
   status: BuiltTrainStatus;
+  importTrainNumber: string | null;
+  exportTrainNumber: string | null;
   notes: string | null;
   createdAt: string;
   currentYard: YardRefLite | null;
   locomotives: TrainCompositionLocomotive[];
   wagons: TrainCompositionWagon[];
   totals: TrainCompositionTotals;
-  activeSchedules: Array<{ id: string; status: string; reference: string | null }>;
+  activeSchedules: ActiveScheduleRef[];
   editable: boolean;
 }
 
@@ -112,6 +130,10 @@ export interface BuiltTrainListResponse {
 
 export interface BuildTrainPayload {
   code: string;
+  /** EXPORT run number — odd, unique across trains (e.g. 8001). */
+  exportTrainNumber: string;
+  /** IMPORT run number — even, unique across trains (e.g. 8002). */
+  importTrainNumber: string;
   currentYardId: string;
   locomotiveIds: string[];
   wagonIds?: string[];
@@ -125,6 +147,8 @@ export interface AvailableTrain {
   code: string;
   trainName: string | null;
   status: BuiltTrainStatus;
+  importTrainNumber: string | null;
+  exportTrainNumber: string | null;
   currentYardId: string | null;
   currentYard: YardRefLite | null;
   locomotives: Array<{ id: string; code: string; name: string | null }>;
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/types/trainScheduling.ts b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/types/trainScheduling.ts
index ee301b970..a80c5a71d 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/types/trainScheduling.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/types/trainScheduling.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ export type SchedulingStatus =
   | "HOLDING"
   | "ELIGIBLE"
   | "SCHEDULED"
-  | "DISPATCHED";
+  | "DISPATCHED"
+  | "WAITING_FOR_WAGON";
 
 export type TrainScheduleStatus =
   | "DRAFT"
@@ -94,10 +95,20 @@ export interface FleetAvailabilityRow {
   shortfall: number;
 }
 
+/** Per-booking wagon shortage: how many wagons of which type the booking still lacks. */
+export interface BookingWagonShortage {
+  wagonTypeCodes: string;
+  wagonsNeeded: number;
+  wagonsAvailable: number;
+  wagonsShort: number;
+}
+
 export interface DeferredBookingRow {
   id: string;
   reference: string;
   reason: string;
+  /** Set when the deferral is a fleet-stock shortage (absent for config issues). */
+  shortage?: BookingWagonShortage | null;
 }
 
 export interface TrainSchedulingGlobalRules {
@@ -114,7 +125,6 @@ export interface TrainSchedulingGlobalRules {
   windowDurationHours: number;
   docReviewMinutes: number;
   paymentWindowMinutes: number;
-  reopenDelayMinutes: number;
 }
 
 export interface TrainSchedulePreviewResponse {
@@ -493,7 +503,6 @@ export interface ScheduleWindowRule {
   windowOpenHour: number | null;
   windowCloseHour: number | null;
   windowDurationHours: number | null;
-  reopenDelayMinutes: number | null;
   importWindowLeadDays: number | null;
   exportBookingLeadHours: number | null;
   /** Live global values (not snapshotted per schedule) — editor prefill baseline. */
@@ -831,6 +840,7 @@ export interface CompositionUnassignedBooking {
   yardWagonsAvailable: number;
   canAssign: boolean;
   blockReason: string | null;
+  shortage?: BookingWagonShortage | null;
 }
 
 export interface UnassignedBookingsResponse {
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/utils/bookingWindowDisplay.test.ts b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/utils/bookingWindowDisplay.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f7c510ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/utils/bookingWindowDisplay.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+import { bookingWindowUiState } from "@edr/ui-common";
+import type {
+  BookingWindowStateInput,
+  BookingWindowUiState,
+} from "@edr/ui-common";
+
+/**
+ * Scenario table for the shared badge/countdown state. This is the logic that
+ * previously let a full export train show an "Upcoming" badge above a live
+ * "Window closes in …" countdown — every row asserts badge kind, countdown
+ * target, and bookability TOGETHER, so they can never disagree again.
+ */
+
+const OPENS = "2026-07-26T05:00:00.000Z";
+const CLOSES = "2026-07-27T05:00:00.000Z";
+const DOC_ENDS = "2026-07-24T08:30:00.000Z";
+const PAY_ENDS = "2026-07-24T09:30:00.000Z";
+
+/** A full row with every timestamp present; scenarios override what they test. */
+function row(over: Partial<BookingWindowStateInput>): BookingWindowStateInput {
+  return {
+    windowPhase: "OPEN",
+    bookingWindowStatus: "OPEN",
+    windowOpensAt: OPENS,
+    windowClosesAt: CLOSES,
+    docReviewEndsAt: DOC_ENDS,
+    paymentPhaseEndsAt: PAY_ENDS,
+    ...over,
+  };
+}
+
+interface Scenario {
+  name: string;
+  input: BookingWindowStateInput;
+  expected: BookingWindowUiState;
+}
+
+const scenarios: Scenario[] = [
+  // ---- export FCFS lifecycle -------------------------------------------------
+  {
+    name: "export announced, before lead window (PRE_WINDOW/CLOSED)",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: "PRE_WINDOW", bookingWindowStatus: "CLOSED" }),
+    expected: { kind: "PRE_WINDOW", countdownTo: OPENS, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "export window open, space left (OPEN/OPEN)",
+    input: row({}),
+    expected: { kind: "OPEN", countdownTo: CLOSES, isBookable: true },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "export filled mid-window (OPEN/FULL) — the reported bug",
+    input: row({ bookingWindowStatus: "FULL" }),
+    expected: { kind: "FULL", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "export space freed after an expiry cleared FULL (OPEN/OPEN again)",
+    input: row({}),
+    expected: { kind: "OPEN", countdownTo: CLOSES, isBookable: true },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "export window over (DONE/CLOSED)",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: "DONE", bookingWindowStatus: "CLOSED" }),
+    expected: { kind: "CLOSED", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "export departed while full (DONE/FULL)",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: "DONE", bookingWindowStatus: "FULL" }),
+    expected: { kind: "CLOSED", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false },
+  },
+
+  // ---- import daily cycle ----------------------------------------------------
+  {
+    name: "import before booking day (PRE_WINDOW/CLOSED)",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: "PRE_WINDOW", bookingWindowStatus: "CLOSED" }),
+    expected: { kind: "PRE_WINDOW", countdownTo: OPENS, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "import window open (OPEN/OPEN)",
+    input: row({}),
+    expected: { kind: "OPEN", countdownTo: CLOSES, isBookable: true },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "import window closed, staff reviewing docs (DOC_REVIEW/CLOSED)",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: "DOC_REVIEW", bookingWindowStatus: "CLOSED" }),
+    expected: { kind: "DOC_REVIEW", countdownTo: DOC_ENDS, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "import payment phase, selected customers paying (PAYMENT/CLOSED)",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: "PAYMENT", bookingWindowStatus: "CLOSED" }),
+    expected: { kind: "PAYMENT", countdownTo: PAY_ENDS, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "import batch tentatively filled the train (PAYMENT/FULL) — phase wins, unpaid may still free space",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: "PAYMENT", bookingWindowStatus: "FULL" }),
+    expected: { kind: "PAYMENT", countdownTo: PAY_ENDS, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "import doc review while flag already FULL (DOC_REVIEW/FULL) — phase wins",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: "DOC_REVIEW", bookingWindowStatus: "FULL" }),
+    expected: { kind: "DOC_REVIEW", countdownTo: DOC_ENDS, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "import reopen cycle scheduled (PRE_WINDOW/CLOSED, cycle 2)",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: "PRE_WINDOW", bookingWindowStatus: "CLOSED" }),
+    expected: { kind: "PRE_WINDOW", countdownTo: OPENS, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "import reopen refused while train still FULL (PRE_WINDOW/FULL)",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: "PRE_WINDOW", bookingWindowStatus: "FULL" }),
+    expected: { kind: "FULL", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "import train full and finalized (DONE/FULL)",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: "DONE", bookingWindowStatus: "FULL" }),
+    expected: { kind: "CLOSED", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "import no cycle fits before departure (DONE/CLOSED)",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: "DONE", bookingWindowStatus: "CLOSED" }),
+    expected: { kind: "CLOSED", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "legacy closed-for-the-day row (CLOSED_FOR_DAY/CLOSED)",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: "CLOSED_FOR_DAY", bookingWindowStatus: "CLOSED" }),
+    expected: { kind: "CLOSED", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "legacy closed-for-the-day row while full (CLOSED_FOR_DAY/FULL)",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: "CLOSED_FOR_DAY", bookingWindowStatus: "FULL" }),
+    expected: { kind: "CLOSED", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false },
+  },
+
+  // ---- desync / stale rows ---------------------------------------------------
+  {
+    name: "phase OPEN but desk flag CLOSED (desync) — closed, no countdown",
+    input: row({ bookingWindowStatus: "CLOSED" }),
+    expected: { kind: "CLOSED", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "dispatched train stuck at OPEN/CLOSED (tick skips non-scheduled rows)",
+    input: row({ bookingWindowStatus: "CLOSED" }),
+    expected: { kind: "CLOSED", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "FULL flag with no phase at all (legacy pre-window-engine row)",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: null, bookingWindowStatus: "FULL" }),
+    expected: { kind: "FULL", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "legacy row, no phase, desk open (null/OPEN) — not phase-driven, shows closed",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: null }),
+    expected: { kind: "CLOSED", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "unknown future phase value — safe fallback to closed",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: "SOMETHING_NEW" }),
+    expected: { kind: "CLOSED", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false },
+  },
+
+  // ---- missing timestamps (no countdown, badge still right) -------------------
+  {
+    name: "PRE_WINDOW without an opens-at timestamp",
+    input: row({
+      windowPhase: "PRE_WINDOW",
+      bookingWindowStatus: "CLOSED",
+      windowOpensAt: null,
+    }),
+    expected: { kind: "PRE_WINDOW", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "OPEN without a closes-at timestamp",
+    input: row({ windowClosesAt: null }),
+    expected: { kind: "OPEN", countdownTo: null, isBookable: true },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "DOC_REVIEW without an ends-at timestamp",
+    input: row({
+      windowPhase: "DOC_REVIEW",
+      bookingWindowStatus: "CLOSED",
+      docReviewEndsAt: null,
+    }),
+    expected: { kind: "DOC_REVIEW", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "PAYMENT without an ends-at timestamp",
+    input: row({
+      windowPhase: "PAYMENT",
+      bookingWindowStatus: "CLOSED",
+      paymentPhaseEndsAt: null,
+    }),
+    expected: { kind: "PAYMENT", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "row with every field null",
+    input: {
+      windowPhase: null,
+      bookingWindowStatus: null,
+      windowOpensAt: null,
+      windowClosesAt: null,
+      docReviewEndsAt: null,
+      paymentPhaseEndsAt: null,
+    },
+    expected: { kind: "CLOSED", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "row with every field undefined (structural minimum)",
+    input: {},
+    expected: { kind: "CLOSED", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false },
+  },
+
+  // ---- countdown targets track the right deadline per phase -------------------
+  {
+    name: "PRE_WINDOW counts to opens-at, not closes-at",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: "PRE_WINDOW", bookingWindowStatus: "CLOSED" }),
+    expected: { kind: "PRE_WINDOW", countdownTo: OPENS, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "OPEN counts to closes-at, not doc review",
+    input: row({}),
+    expected: { kind: "OPEN", countdownTo: CLOSES, isBookable: true },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "DOC_REVIEW counts to review end, not payment end",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: "DOC_REVIEW", bookingWindowStatus: "CLOSED" }),
+    expected: { kind: "DOC_REVIEW", countdownTo: DOC_ENDS, isBookable: false },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "PAYMENT counts to payment end, not window close",
+    input: row({ windowPhase: "PAYMENT", bookingWindowStatus: "CLOSED" }),
+    expected: { kind: "PAYMENT", countdownTo: PAY_ENDS, isBookable: false },
+  },
+];
+
+describe("bookingWindowUiState", () => {
+  it.each(scenarios)("$name", ({ input, expected }) => {
+    expect(bookingWindowUiState(input)).toEqual(expected);
+  });
+
+  it("never yields a countdown on a non-bookable FULL state, whatever else is set", () => {
+    for (const phase of ["OPEN", "PRE_WINDOW", null, "ANYTHING"]) {
+      const state = bookingWindowUiState(row({ windowPhase: phase, bookingWindowStatus: "FULL" }));
+      expect(state.kind).toBe("FULL");
+      expect(state.countdownTo).toBeNull();
+      expect(state.isBookable).toBe(false);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("is bookable ONLY when phase and desk flag are both OPEN", () => {
+    const combos: Array<[string | null, string | null]> = [];
+    for (const phase of ["PRE_WINDOW", "OPEN", "DOC_REVIEW", "PAYMENT", "DONE", "CLOSED_FOR_DAY", null]) {
+      for (const status of ["OPEN", "CLOSED", "FULL", null]) {
+        combos.push([phase, status]);
+      }
+    }
+    for (const [phase, status] of combos) {
+      const state = bookingWindowUiState(
+        row({ windowPhase: phase, bookingWindowStatus: status }),
+      );
+      expect(state.isBookable).toBe(phase === "OPEN" && status === "OPEN");
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/MyPortalPage/components/UpcomingWindowsSection.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/MyPortalPage/components/UpcomingWindowsSection.tsx
index f9a3dd246..50e142708 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/MyPortalPage/components/UpcomingWindowsSection.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/MyPortalPage/components/UpcomingWindowsSection.tsx
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import {
   ChevronLeft,
   ChevronRight,
 } from "lucide-react";
-import { CountdownTimer } from "@edr/ui-common";
+import { CountdownTimer, bookingWindowUiState } from "@edr/ui-common";
 import type { MyBookingWindow } from "@/services/bookings.service";
 import { windowRouteStops } from "@/pages/contracts/booking-window";
 import { Card } from "./Card";
@@ -50,54 +50,34 @@ function windowLabel(w: MyBookingWindow): string {
 }
 
 /**
- * The countdown for whichever phase the window is currently in. Phases run:
- * pre-window (opens at windowOpensAt) → open (closes at windowClosesAt) →
- * document review (docReviewEndsAt) → payment (paymentPhaseEndsAt).
+ * The countdown for the window's UI state (shared with the status badge via
+ * `bookingWindowUiState`, so the two can never contradict — a FULL train shows
+ * no ticking "closes in" under a non-open badge).
  *
  * `label` describes the deadline being counted down to; `expiredText` names the
  * NEXT step so that when a deadline lapses between the 60s refetches the row
  * announces what comes next ("Booking opening now…", "Review starting…") rather
  * than the bare word "Expired". Returns null when no phase is timing down.
  */
+const COUNTDOWN_TEXT: Partial<
+  Record<
+    ReturnType<typeof bookingWindowUiState>["kind"],
+    { label: string; expiredText: string }
+  >
+> = {
+  PRE_WINDOW: { label: "Booking opens in", expiredText: "Booking opening now…" },
+  OPEN: { label: "Window closes in", expiredText: "Document review starting…" },
+  DOC_REVIEW: { label: "Document review ends in", expiredText: "Payment starting…" },
+  PAYMENT: { label: "Payment due in", expiredText: "Payment window closing…" },
+};
+
 function phaseCountdown(
   w: MyBookingWindow,
 ): { label: string; deadline: string; expiredText: string } | null {
-  switch (w.windowPhase) {
-    case "PRE_WINDOW":
-      if (w.windowOpensAt)
-        return {
-          label: "Booking opens in",
-          deadline: w.windowOpensAt,
-          expiredText: "Booking opening now…",
-        };
-      return null;
-    case "OPEN":
-      if (w.windowClosesAt)
-        return {
-          label: "Window closes in",
-          deadline: w.windowClosesAt,
-          expiredText: "Document review starting…",
-        };
-      return null;
-    case "DOC_REVIEW":
-      if (w.docReviewEndsAt)
-        return {
-          label: "Document review ends in",
-          deadline: w.docReviewEndsAt,
-          expiredText: "Payment starting…",
-        };
-      return null;
-    case "PAYMENT":
-      if (w.paymentPhaseEndsAt)
-        return {
-          label: "Payment due in",
-          deadline: w.paymentPhaseEndsAt,
-          expiredText: "Payment window closing…",
-        };
-      return null;
-    default:
-      return null;
-  }
+  const state = bookingWindowUiState(w);
+  const text = COUNTDOWN_TEXT[state.kind];
+  if (!state.countdownTo || !text) return null;
+  return { ...text, deadline: state.countdownTo };
 }
 
 function Pill({
@@ -147,19 +127,47 @@ function DirectionBadge({ direction }: { direction: MyBookingWindow["direction"]
 }
 
 function StatusBadge({ window: w }: { window: MyBookingWindow }) {
-  if (w.isOpenNow) {
-    return (
-      <Pill bg="#ECF6F1" color="#0A6F4D" border="#CDEBDD">
-        Open now
-      </Pill>
-    );
-  }
-  if (w.windowPhase === "PRE_WINDOW" && w.windowOpensAt) {
-    return (
-      <Pill bg="#FEF6E6" color="#B07D14">
-        Opens at {fmtTime(w.windowOpensAt)} EAT
-      </Pill>
-    );
+  const state = bookingWindowUiState(w);
+  switch (state.kind) {
+    case "OPEN":
+      return (
+        <Pill bg="#ECF6F1" color="#0A6F4D" border="#CDEBDD">
+          Open now
+        </Pill>
+      );
+    case "FULL":
+      return (
+        <Pill bg="#FDECEA" color="#B3261E" border="#F6C9C4">
+          Train full
+        </Pill>
+      );
+    case "PRE_WINDOW":
+      if (w.windowOpensAt) {
+        return (
+          <Pill bg="#FEF6E6" color="#B07D14">
+            Opens at {fmtTime(w.windowOpensAt)} EAT
+          </Pill>
+        );
+      }
+      break;
+    case "DOC_REVIEW":
+      return (
+        <Pill bg="#EAF1FB" color="#2E5B96">
+          Document review
+        </Pill>
+      );
+    case "PAYMENT":
+      return (
+        <Pill bg="#EAF1FB" color="#2E5B96">
+          Payment window
+        </Pill>
+      );
+    case "CLOSED":
+      return (
+        <Pill bg="#F1F5F9" color={MUTED}>
+          Closed
+        </Pill>
+      );
   }
   return (
     <Pill bg="#F1F5F9" color={MUTED}>
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/contracts/ContractBookingWindowsSection.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/contracts/ContractBookingWindowsSection.tsx
index 3b7ef132b..a8d9d0830 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/contracts/ContractBookingWindowsSection.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/contracts/ContractBookingWindowsSection.tsx
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ import {
   ChevronRight,
   Clock,
 } from "lucide-react";
-import { CountdownTimer } from "@edr/ui-common";
+import { CountdownTimer, bookingWindowUiState } from "@edr/ui-common";
+import type { BookingWindowUiKind } from "@edr/ui-common";
 
 import type { MyBookingWindow } from "@/services/bookings.service";
 import {
@@ -90,50 +91,29 @@ function windowLabel(w: MyBookingWindow): string {
 }
 
 /**
- * The countdown for whichever phase the window is currently in, mirroring the
- * home dashboard's Booking Windows card. `expiredText` names the NEXT step so a
- * deadline that lapses between refetches announces what comes next rather than
- * the bare "Expired".
+ * The countdown for the window's UI state, mirroring the home dashboard's
+ * Booking Windows card. Derived from the SAME state as the badge
+ * (`bookingWindowUiState`) so they can never contradict — a full train shows
+ * no ticking countdown. `expiredText` names the NEXT step so a deadline that
+ * lapses between refetches announces what comes next rather than the bare
+ * "Expired".
  */
+const COUNTDOWN_TEXT: Partial<
+  Record<BookingWindowUiKind, { label: string; expiredText: string }>
+> = {
+  PRE_WINDOW: { label: "Booking opens in", expiredText: "Booking opening now…" },
+  OPEN: { label: "Window closes in", expiredText: "Document review starting…" },
+  DOC_REVIEW: { label: "Document review ends in", expiredText: "Payment starting…" },
+  PAYMENT: { label: "Payment due in", expiredText: "Payment window closing…" },
+};
+
 function phaseCountdown(
   w: MyBookingWindow,
 ): { label: string; deadline: string; expiredText: string } | null {
-  switch (w.windowPhase) {
-    case "PRE_WINDOW":
-      return w.windowOpensAt
-        ? {
-            label: "Booking opens in",
-            deadline: w.windowOpensAt,
-            expiredText: "Booking opening now…",
-          }
-        : null;
-    case "OPEN":
-      return w.windowClosesAt
-        ? {
-            label: "Window closes in",
-            deadline: w.windowClosesAt,
-            expiredText: "Document review starting…",
-          }
-        : null;
-    case "DOC_REVIEW":
-      return w.docReviewEndsAt
-        ? {
-            label: "Document review ends in",
-            deadline: w.docReviewEndsAt,
-            expiredText: "Payment starting…",
-          }
-        : null;
-    case "PAYMENT":
-      return w.paymentPhaseEndsAt
-        ? {
-            label: "Payment due in",
-            deadline: w.paymentPhaseEndsAt,
-            expiredText: "Payment window closing…",
-          }
-        : null;
-    default:
-      return null;
-  }
+  const state = bookingWindowUiState(w);
+  const text = COUNTDOWN_TEXT[state.kind];
+  if (!state.countdownTo || !text) return null;
+  return { ...text, deadline: state.countdownTo };
 }
 
 /**
@@ -148,9 +128,21 @@ function isPast(w: MyBookingWindow): boolean {
   return w.windowPhase === "DONE" || w.windowPhase === "CLOSED_FOR_DAY";
 }
 
+/** Badge label + Mantine color per UI state — same state the countdown uses. */
+const KIND_BADGE: Record<BookingWindowUiKind, { label: string; color: string }> = {
+  OPEN: { label: "Open now", color: "edr-green" },
+  FULL: { label: "Train full", color: "red" },
+  PRE_WINDOW: { label: "Opens soon", color: "yellow" },
+  DOC_REVIEW: { label: "Document review", color: "gray" },
+  PAYMENT: { label: "Payment due", color: "gray" },
+  CLOSED: { label: "Closed", color: "gray" },
+};
+
 function WindowCard({ w }: { w: MyBookingWindow }) {
   const cd = phaseCountdown(w);
-  const open = w.isOpenNow;
+  const state = bookingWindowUiState(w);
+  const badge = KIND_BADGE[state.kind];
+  const open = state.isBookable;
   const isImport = w.direction === "IMPORT";
 
   return (
@@ -183,13 +175,11 @@ function WindowCard({ w }: { w: MyBookingWindow }) {
             )}
             <Badge
               variant={open ? "filled" : "light"}
-              color={open ? "edr-green" : "gray"}
+              color={badge.color}
               radius="sm"
               size="sm"
             >
-              {open
-                ? "Open now"
-                : windowPhaseLabel(w.windowPhase ?? w.bookingWindowStatus)}
+              {badge.label}
             </Badge>
           </Group>
 
diff --git a/packages/types/src/freight/index.ts b/packages/types/src/freight/index.ts
index 39e8985ee..bd6c8ffeb 100644
--- a/packages/types/src/freight/index.ts
+++ b/packages/types/src/freight/index.ts
@@ -182,6 +182,8 @@ export enum SchedulingStatus {
   Eligible = "ELIGIBLE",
   Scheduled = "SCHEDULED",
   Dispatched = "DISPATCHED",
+  /** Paid, but no wagon of the required type was free — held in the day pool for manual placement. */
+  WaitingForWagon = "WAITING_FOR_WAGON",
 }
 
 export enum TrainScheduleStatus {
diff --git a/packages/ui-common/src/components/data-table/table.tsx b/packages/ui-common/src/components/data-table/table.tsx
index 5dbe7277b..957da3300 100644
--- a/packages/ui-common/src/components/data-table/table.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-common/src/components/data-table/table.tsx
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
   data,
   status,
   onRowClick,
+  rowStyle,
+  rowClassName,
   tableOptions,
   pagination,
   footer,
@@ -115,11 +117,15 @@ export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
                       onRowClick(row.original);
                     }}
                     role={onRowClick ? "button" : ""}
-                    className={
+                    style={rowStyle?.(row.original)}
+                    className={[
                       onRowClick
-                        ? "cursor-pointer hover:bg-accent hover:text-foreground "
-                        : ""
-                    }
+                        ? "cursor-pointer hover:bg-accent hover:text-foreground"
+                        : "",
+                      rowClassName?.(row.original) ?? "",
+                    ]
+                      .join(" ")
+                      .trim()}
                   >
                     {row.getVisibleCells().map((cell) => (
                       <Table.Td
diff --git a/packages/ui-common/src/components/data-table/types.ts b/packages/ui-common/src/components/data-table/types.ts
index 886718b96..0b3182db2 100644
--- a/packages/ui-common/src/components/data-table/types.ts
+++ b/packages/ui-common/src/components/data-table/types.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ export interface DataTableProps<TData, TValue> {
   data: TData[];
   status?: "loading" | "error" | "success";
   onRowClick?: (row: TData) => void;
+  /** Per-row inline style (e.g. data-driven background tints via CSS variables). */
+  rowStyle?: (row: TData) => React.CSSProperties | undefined;
+  /** Per-row extra class, appended after the built-in clickable-row classes. */
+  rowClassName?: (row: TData) => string | undefined;
   tableOptions?: Omit<
     TableOptions<TData>,
     "data" | "columns" | "getCoreRowModel"
diff --git a/packages/ui-common/src/index.ts b/packages/ui-common/src/index.ts
index f7e609412..8fb36be26 100644
--- a/packages/ui-common/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/ui-common/src/index.ts
@@ -69,3 +69,10 @@ export * from "./components/select";
 export * from "./components/switch";
 export * from "./components/separator";
 export * from "./components/field";
+
+export { bookingWindowUiState } from "./lib/booking-window-display";
+export type {
+  BookingWindowUiKind,
+  BookingWindowStateInput,
+  BookingWindowUiState,
+} from "./lib/booking-window-display";
diff --git a/packages/ui-common/src/lib/booking-window-display.ts b/packages/ui-common/src/lib/booking-window-display.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..242db3a3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ui-common/src/lib/booking-window-display.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/**
+ * Single source of truth for how a booking window row is presented to a
+ * customer or staff list: which status badge to show and which deadline (if
+ * any) to count down to.
+ *
+ * The badge and the countdown MUST be derived together. They used to be
+ * computed independently (badge from `isOpenNow`, countdown from
+ * `windowPhase`), which let them contradict each other — an export train that
+ * filled mid-window kept `windowPhase='OPEN'` (space can free again if a pay
+ * window lapses) while `bookingWindowStatus='FULL'`, so the card showed an
+ * "Upcoming" badge above a live "Window closes in …" countdown.
+ *
+ * Phase/status matrix this resolves (server fields on the schedule row):
+ *  - windowPhase:   PRE_WINDOW → OPEN → DOC_REVIEW → PAYMENT → DONE
+ *                   (export skips the review/payment phases; CLOSED_FOR_DAY is legacy)
+ *  - bookingWindowStatus: OPEN | CLOSED | FULL — whether the booking desk
+ *                   actually accepts bookings right now.
+ */
+
+export type BookingWindowUiKind =
+  /** Bookable right now (phase OPEN and the desk flag agrees). */
+  | "OPEN"
+  /** Train has no capacity left — not bookable; may reopen if a reservation expires. */
+  | "FULL"
+  /** Announced, opens at `countdownTo`. */
+  | "PRE_WINDOW"
+  /** Window closed, staff reviewing documents (import cycle). */
+  | "DOC_REVIEW"
+  /** Batch ran, selected customers are paying (import cycle). */
+  | "PAYMENT"
+  /** Terminal or not bookable for any other reason. */
+  | "CLOSED";
+
+export interface BookingWindowStateInput {
+  windowPhase?: string | null;
+  bookingWindowStatus?: string | null;
+  windowOpensAt?: string | null;
+  windowClosesAt?: string | null;
+  docReviewEndsAt?: string | null;
+  paymentPhaseEndsAt?: string | null;
+}
+
+export interface BookingWindowUiState {
+  kind: BookingWindowUiKind;
+  /** ISO deadline a countdown may tick toward; null = show no countdown. */
+  countdownTo: string | null;
+  /** True only when the customer can book right now. */
+  isBookable: boolean;
+}
+
+export function bookingWindowUiState(
+  w: BookingWindowStateInput,
+): BookingWindowUiState {
+  const phase = w.windowPhase ?? null;
+  const status = w.bookingWindowStatus ?? null;
+
+  if (phase === "DONE" || phase === "CLOSED_FOR_DAY") {
+    return { kind: "CLOSED", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false };
+  }
+
+  // Mid-cycle phases win over the FULL flag: the batch may have tentatively
+  // filled the train, but an unpaid reservation can still expire and free
+  // space, so "document review" / "payment" is the truthful state here.
+  if (phase === "DOC_REVIEW") {
+    return {
+      kind: "DOC_REVIEW",
+      countdownTo: w.docReviewEndsAt ?? null,
+      isBookable: false,
+    };
+  }
+  if (phase === "PAYMENT") {
+    return {
+      kind: "PAYMENT",
+      countdownTo: w.paymentPhaseEndsAt ?? null,
+      isBookable: false,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Outside the resolving phases a FULL train is simply not bookable — no
+  // countdown either: ticking toward "closes in" would promise a window the
+  // customer cannot use.
+  if (status === "FULL") {
+    return { kind: "FULL", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false };
+  }
+
+  if (phase === "PRE_WINDOW") {
+    return {
+      kind: "PRE_WINDOW",
+      countdownTo: w.windowOpensAt ?? null,
+      isBookable: false,
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (phase === "OPEN") {
+    if (status === "OPEN") {
+      return {
+        kind: "OPEN",
+        countdownTo: w.windowClosesAt ?? null,
+        isBookable: true,
+      };
+    }
+    // Phase says OPEN but the desk flag disagrees (CLOSED): not bookable, and
+    // no countdown that pretends otherwise.
+    return { kind: "CLOSED", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false };
+  }
+
+  return { kind: "CLOSED", countdownTo: null, isBookable: false };
+}