diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/scripts/run-wagon-gate-tests.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/scripts/run-wagon-gate-tests.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46b752373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/scripts/run-wagon-gate-tests.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+/**
+ * Runs the REAL planner (planWagonsWithStock) against the WGT-* bookings and
+ * the REAL wagon stock standing in edr_dev. Read-only: it plans, asserts, and
+ * reports — it writes nothing.
+ *
+ *   npx ts-node -T scripts/run-wagon-gate-tests.ts
+ */
+import { DataSource } from 'typeorm';
+
+import { planWagonsWithStock } from '../src/modules/train-scheduling/wagon-plan-flex.util';
+import type { AllowedWagonTypeMap, WagonStock } from '../src/modules/train-scheduling/wagon-plan-flex.util';
+import { validateWagonCargoExclusivity } from '../src/modules/train-scheduling/utils/wagon-plan.util';
+import type { Booking } from '../src/modules/bookings/entities/booking.entity';
+import type { WagonType } from '../src/modules/wagon-types/entities/wagon-type.entity';
+
+const YARD = {
+  DCT: 'fc558b95-da28-4fc3-8348-311a290c34ae',
+  DIRE: 'f7b1686f-d43e-42aa-bc6a-d3d5849296c9',
+  KALITY: '61ae1e66-c229-4dcd-9851-b2b9424f3a95',
+};
+
+const ds = new DataSource({
+  type: 'postgres',
+  host: process.env.DB_HOST || '10.18.7.207',
+  port: Number(process.env.DB_PORT || 5432),
+  database: process.env.DB_NAME || 'edr_dev',
+  username: process.env.DB_USER || 'postgres',
+  password: process.env.DB_PASSWORD || 'dcba@1234',
+});
+
+type Check = { name: string; pass: boolean; detail: string };
+const results: Array<{ testCase: string; checks: Check[] }> = [];
+
+const check = (list: Check[], name: string, pass: boolean, detail: string) => {
+  list.push({ name, pass, detail });
+};
+
+/** Wagon types keyed by id, and the allowed-type map read from the join tables. */
+async function loadConfig(): Promise<{
+  allowed: AllowedWagonTypeMap;
+  byId: Map<string, WagonType>;
+  codes: Map<string, string>;
+}> {
+  const types: WagonType[] = await ds.query(
+    `SELECT id, code, name, capacity_tons AS "capacityTons",
+            length_meters AS "lengthMeters", tare_weight_tons AS "tareWeightTons",
+            supports_container AS "supportsContainer", is_active AS "isActive"
+       FROM freight.wagon_types WHERE is_active IS NOT FALSE`,
+  );
+  const byId = new Map(types.map((t) => [t.id, t]));
+  const codes = new Map(types.map((t) => [t.id, t.code]));
+
+  const cargoRows: Array<{ typeId: string; wagonTypeId: string }> = await ds.query(
+    `SELECT cargo_type_id AS "typeId", wagon_type_id AS "wagonTypeId"
+       FROM freight.cargo_type_wagon_types`,
+  );
+  const containerRows: Array<{ typeId: string; wagonTypeId: string }> = await ds.query(
+    `SELECT container_type_id AS "typeId", wagon_type_id AS "wagonTypeId"
+       FROM freight.container_type_wagon_types`,
+  );
+  const collect = (rows: Array<{ typeId: string; wagonTypeId: string }>) => {
+    const map = new Map<string, WagonType[]>();
+    for (const row of rows) {
+      const wt = byId.get(row.wagonTypeId);
+      if (!wt) continue;
+      map.set(row.typeId, [...(map.get(row.typeId) ?? []), wt]);
+    }
+    return map;
+  };
+  return {
+    allowed: {
+      byCargoTypeId: collect(cargoRows),
+      byContainerTypeId: collect(containerRows),
+    },
+    byId,
+    codes,
+  };
+}
+
+/** The WGT-* bookings, hydrated the way the planner expects them. */
+async function loadBookings(refs: string[]): Promise<Booking[]> {
+  const rows = await ds.query(
+    `SELECT b.id, b.reference, b.freight_type AS "freightType",
+            b.cargo_total_weight_vgm AS "cargoTotalWeightVgm",
+            b.bulk_total_weight_tons AS "bulkTotalWeightTons",
+            b.cargo_type_id AS "cargoTypeId",
+            b.origin_yard_id AS "originYardId",
+            b.destination_yard_id AS "destinationYardId",
+            b.is_government AS "isGovernment", b.priority_score AS "priorityScore",
+            b.created_at AS "createdAt"
+       FROM freight.bookings b
+      WHERE b.reference = ANY($1) AND b.deleted_at IS NULL`,
+    [refs],
+  );
+  const cargoTypes = await ds.query(
+    `SELECT ct.id, ct.cargo_type_name AS "cargoTypeName", ct.code,
+            ct.unit_of_measure AS "unitOfMeasure",
+            ct.tons_per_wagon_map AS "tonsPerWagonMap",
+            ct.items_per_wagon_map AS "itemsPerWagonMap"
+       FROM freight.cargo_types ct`,
+  );
+  const cargoById = new Map(cargoTypes.map((c: any) => [c.id, c]));
+  const { allowed } = await loadConfig();
+
+  const lines = await ds.query(
+    `SELECT bc.id, bc.booking_id AS "bookingId", bc.container_type_id AS "containerTypeId",
+            bc.quantity, bc.vgm_per_unit_tons AS "vgmPerUnitTons",
+            bc.wagons_required AS "wagonsRequired", bc.container_number AS "containerNumber",
+            ct.code, ct.size_ft AS "sizeFt"
+       FROM freight.booking_container bc
+       JOIN freight.container_types ct ON ct.id = bc.container_type_id
+      WHERE bc.booking_id = ANY($1) AND bc.deleted_at IS NULL`,
+    [rows.map((r: any) => r.id)],
+  );
+
+  return rows.map((r: any) => {
+    const cargoType = r.cargoTypeId ? cargoById.get(r.cargoTypeId) : null;
+    return {
+      ...r,
+      cargoType: cargoType
+        ? { ...cargoType, wagonTypes: allowed.byCargoTypeId.get(r.cargoTypeId) ?? [] }
+        : null,
+      bookingContainers: lines
+        .filter((l: any) => l.bookingId === r.id)
+        .map((l: any) => ({
+          ...l,
+          containerType: { id: l.containerTypeId, code: l.code, sizeFt: l.sizeFt },
+          units: [],
+        })),
+    } as unknown as Booking;
+  });
+}
+
+/** Real AVAILABLE wagons standing at a yard, by type. */
+async function stockAtYard(yardId: string, codes: Map<string, string>): Promise<WagonStock> {
+  const rows = await ds.query(
+    `SELECT wagon_type_id AS "wagonTypeId", count(*)::int AS n
+       FROM freight.wagons
+      WHERE current_yard_id = $1 AND deleted_at IS NULL
+        AND status = 'AVAILABLE' AND train_id IS NULL
+        AND current_train_schedule_id IS NULL
+      GROUP BY wagon_type_id`,
+    [yardId],
+  );
+  return {
+    mode: 'YARD',
+    remainingByTypeId: new Map(rows.map((r: any) => [r.wagonTypeId, r.n])),
+    codesByTypeId: codes,
+  };
+}
+
+/** Per-type slot counts of a plan, as a readable "10x PW2, 17x NW5". */
+const planByType = (plan: any[]): string => {
+  const counts = new Map<string, number>();
+  for (const slot of plan) {
+    counts.set(slot.wagonTypeCode, (counts.get(slot.wagonTypeCode) ?? 0) + 1);
+  }
+  return [...counts.entries()].map(([code, n]) => `${n}x ${code}`).join(', ') || 'none';
+};
+
+async function main() {
+  await ds.initialize();
+  const { allowed, codes } = await loadConfig();
+  const dctStock = await stockAtYard(YARD.DCT, codes);
+
+  console.log('\n=== REAL FLEET AT DORALEH_FREEZONE (AVAILABLE, unpinned) ===');
+  console.table(
+    [...dctStock.remainingByTypeId.entries()].map(([id, n]) => ({
+      wagonType: codes.get(id),
+      available: n,
+    })),
+  );
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------- CASE A
+  {
+    const checks: Check[] = [];
+    const bookings = await loadBookings(['WGT-A1', 'WGT-A2', 'WGT-A3']);
+    // Constrain the fleet to make the contest real: 20 NW5 + 10 PW2.
+    const stock: WagonStock = {
+      mode: 'TRAIN',
+      remainingByTypeId: new Map([
+        ['8f717b09-eec1-46ad-be3d-2dc0a56e55e7', 20], // NW5
+        ['8eec3a7d-8482-4397-96b6-59a028210722', 10], // PW2
+      ]),
+      codesByTypeId: codes,
+    };
+    const result = planWagonsWithStock({ bookings, allowed, stock });
+    const bulkSlots = result.plan.filter((s) => s.slotLoadType === 'BULK');
+    const pw2Bulk = bulkSlots.filter((s) => s.wagonTypeCode === 'PW2').length;
+    const nw5Bulk = bulkSlots.filter((s) => s.wagonTypeCode === 'NW5').length;
+
+    check(checks, 'bulk fills bulk-only PW2 first', pw2Bulk === 10,
+      `${pw2Bulk}/10 PW2 used by bulk`);
+    check(checks, 'PW2 bulk wagons respect the 20T cargo cap',
+      bulkSlots.filter((s) => s.wagonTypeCode === 'PW2')
+        .every((s) => s.assignedWeightTons <= 20),
+      `max PW2 load ${Math.max(0, ...bulkSlots.filter((s) => s.wagonTypeCode === 'PW2').map((s) => s.assignedWeightTons))}T (cap 20T)`);
+    check(checks, 'NW5 bulk wagons respect the 30T cargo cap',
+      bulkSlots.filter((s) => s.wagonTypeCode === 'NW5')
+        .every((s) => s.assignedWeightTons <= 30),
+      `max NW5 bulk load ${Math.max(0, ...bulkSlots.filter((s) => s.wagonTypeCode === 'NW5').map((s) => s.assignedWeightTons))}T (cap 30T)`);
+    check(checks, 'no wagon mixes bulk with other cargo',
+      validateWagonCargoExclusivity(result.plan).length === 0,
+      validateWagonCargoExclusivity(result.plan).join('; ') || 'clean');
+    check(checks, 'plan is honest about who fits',
+      result.fitting.length + result.deferred.length === 3,
+      `fitting=[${result.fitting.map((b) => b.reference)}] deferred=[${result.deferred.map((d) => d.reference)}]`);
+
+    results.push({ testCase: 'A — bulk vs container contest for NW5 (20 NW5 + 10 PW2)', checks });
+    console.log('\n=== CASE A: 695T Perishable + 12x40ft + 16x20ft, stock 20 NW5 / 10 PW2 ===');
+    console.log(`plan: ${result.plan.length} wagons — ${planByType(result.plan)}`);
+    console.log(`  bulk: ${pw2Bulk}x PW2 + ${nw5Bulk}x NW5`);
+    console.log(`fitting: ${result.fitting.map((b) => b.reference).join(', ') || 'none'}`);
+    for (const d of result.deferred) console.log(`deferred: ${d.reference} — ${d.reason}`);
+  }
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------- CASE B
+  {
+    const checks: Check[] = [];
+    const bookings = await loadBookings(['WGT-B1', 'WGT-B2']);
+    const stops = [YARD.DCT, YARD.DIRE, YARD.KALITY];
+    const legs = new Map(
+      bookings.map((b: any) => [
+        b.id,
+        { from: stops.indexOf(b.originYardId), to: stops.indexOf(b.destinationYardId) },
+      ]),
+    );
+    const stock: WagonStock = {
+      mode: 'TRAIN',
+      remainingByTypeId: new Map([
+        ['8f717b09-eec1-46ad-be3d-2dc0a56e55e7', 3], // NW5 — only 3, forces reuse
+        ['8eec3a7d-8482-4397-96b6-59a028210722', 0],
+      ]),
+      codesByTypeId: codes,
+    };
+    const result = planWagonsWithStock({
+      bookings, allowed, stock, legs, edgeCount: 2, stops,
+    });
+    check(checks, 'both disjoint-leg bookings fit on 3 wagons',
+      result.fitting.length === 2 && result.plan.length <= 3,
+      `fitting=${result.fitting.length}/2, wagons=${result.plan.length}`);
+    const legIssues = validateWagonCargoExclusivity(result.plan, legs, 2);
+    check(checks, 'no wagon carries bulk + container on the SAME leg',
+      legIssues.length === 0, legIssues.join('; ') || 'clean');
+    // …and the leg-blind reading WOULD flag it, proving the reuse is real.
+    check(checks, 'the same wagon does carry both kinds across DIFFERENT legs',
+      validateWagonCargoExclusivity(result.plan).length > 0,
+      'leg-blind check sees bulk+container on one wagon (legal: disjoint legs)');
+    const reused = result.plan.filter((s) => s.allocations.length > 1);
+    check(checks, 'leg-disjoint reuse actually happens',
+      reused.length > 0,
+      `${reused.length} wagon(s) carry both bookings on different legs`);
+
+    results.push({ testCase: 'B — leg-disjoint reuse (container leg 1, bulk leg 2), only 3 NW5', checks });
+    console.log('\n=== CASE B: 6x20ft DCT->Dire + 120T bulk Dire->Kality, only 3 NW5 ===');
+    console.log(`plan: ${result.plan.length} wagons — ${planByType(result.plan)}`);
+    for (const slot of result.plan) {
+      console.log(`  wagon #${slot.sequenceNo} (${slot.wagonTypeCode}): ${slot.allocations
+        .map((a) => `${a.bookingReference}/${a.loadType} ${a.allocatedWeightTons}T`).join(' + ')}`);
+    }
+    for (const d of result.deferred) console.log(`deferred: ${d.reference} — ${d.reason}`);
+  }
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------- CASE C
+  {
+    const checks: Check[] = [];
+    const bookings = await loadBookings(['WGT-C1']);
+    const stock: WagonStock = {
+      mode: 'TRAIN',
+      remainingByTypeId: new Map([
+        ['8f717b09-eec1-46ad-be3d-2dc0a56e55e7', 20], // NW5 (40T cap for steel)
+        ['8eec3a7d-8482-4397-96b6-59a028210722', 20], // PW2 (10T cap for steel!)
+      ]),
+      codesByTypeId: codes,
+    };
+    const result = planWagonsWithStock({ bookings, allowed, stock });
+    const nw5 = result.plan.filter((s) => s.wagonTypeCode === 'NW5').length;
+    const pw2 = result.plan.filter((s) => s.wagonTypeCode === 'PW2').length;
+    check(checks, 'inverted caps: uses the 40T NW5, not the 10T PW2',
+      nw5 === 10 && pw2 === 0,
+      `${nw5}x NW5 (40T cap) + ${pw2}x PW2 (10T cap) for 400T`);
+    check(checks, 'wagon count matches the cap math (400/40 = 10)',
+      result.plan.length === 10, `${result.plan.length} wagons`);
+    results.push({ testCase: 'C — cap inversion (Steel Billet: NW5 40T vs PW2 10T)', checks });
+    console.log('\n=== CASE C: 400T Steel Billet, caps NW5=40T PW2=10T, both in stock ===');
+    console.log(`plan: ${result.plan.length} wagons — ${planByType(result.plan)}`);
+  }
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------- CASE D
+  {
+    const checks: Check[] = [];
+    const bookings = await loadBookings(['WGT-D1', 'WGT-D2']);
+    const stock = await stockAtYard(YARD.DCT, codes);
+    const result = planWagonsWithStock({ bookings, allowed, stock });
+    const d1 = result.plan.filter((s) =>
+      s.allocations.some((a) => a.bookingReference === 'WGT-D1'));
+    const d2 = result.plan.filter((s) =>
+      s.allocations.some((a) => a.bookingReference === 'WGT-D2'));
+    check(checks, 'Beans (PW2-only) is deferred — no PW2 free at DCT',
+      result.deferred.some((d) => d.reference === 'WGT-D1'),
+      result.deferred.find((d) => d.reference === 'WGT-D1')?.reason ?? `planned on ${planByType(d1)}`);
+    check(checks, 'Sand rides only its configured CW3/CW4',
+      d2.length > 0 && d2.every((s) => ['CW3', 'CW4'].includes(s.wagonTypeCode)),
+      `Sand on ${planByType(d2)}`);
+    results.push({ testCase: 'D — exclusive-type cargo against REAL DCT stock', checks });
+    console.log('\n=== CASE D: 200T Beans (PW2-only) + 300T Sand (CW3/CW4-only), REAL stock ===');
+    console.log(`plan: ${result.plan.length} wagons — ${planByType(result.plan)}`);
+    for (const d of result.deferred) console.log(`deferred: ${d.reference} — ${d.reason}`);
+  }
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------- CASE E
+  {
+    const checks: Check[] = [];
+    const bookings = await loadBookings(['WGT-E1', 'WGT-E2']);
+    const stock: WagonStock = {
+      mode: 'TRAIN',
+      remainingByTypeId: new Map([
+        ['8f717b09-eec1-46ad-be3d-2dc0a56e55e7', 30],
+        ['8eec3a7d-8482-4397-96b6-59a028210722', 5],
+      ]),
+      codesByTypeId: codes,
+    };
+    const result = planWagonsWithStock({ bookings, allowed, stock });
+    check(checks, '3000T booking is deferred, not silently truncated',
+      result.deferred.some((d) => d.reference === 'WGT-E1'),
+      result.deferred.find((d) => d.reference === 'WGT-E1')?.reason ?? 'FITTED (unexpected)');
+    const e2 = result.plan.filter((s) =>
+      s.allocations.some((a) => a.bookingReference === 'WGT-E2'));
+    check(checks, 'the 45T booking never shares a wagon with another booking',
+      e2.every((s) => new Set(s.allocations.map((a) => a.bookingId)).size === 1),
+      `${e2.length} wagon(s), all single-booking`);
+    check(checks, 'exclusivity holds across the whole plan',
+      validateWagonCargoExclusivity(result.plan).length === 0,
+      validateWagonCargoExclusivity(result.plan).join('; ') || 'clean');
+    results.push({ testCase: 'E — overload one leg (3000T) + small bulk beside it', checks });
+    console.log('\n=== CASE E: 3000T + 45T Perishable, stock 30 NW5 / 5 PW2 ===');
+    console.log(`plan: ${result.plan.length} wagons — ${planByType(result.plan)}`);
+    console.log(`fitting: ${result.fitting.map((b) => b.reference).join(', ') || 'none'}`);
+    for (const d of result.deferred) console.log(`deferred: ${d.reference} — ${d.reason}`);
+  }
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------- REPORT
+  console.log('\n\n================ TEST REPORT ================');
+  let passed = 0;
+  let failed = 0;
+  for (const group of results) {
+    console.log(`\n${group.testCase}`);
+    for (const c of group.checks) {
+      console.log(`  ${c.pass ? 'PASS' : 'FAIL'}  ${c.name}\n        ${c.detail}`);
+      c.pass ? (passed += 1) : (failed += 1);
+    }
+  }
+  console.log(`\n---------------------------------------------`);
+  console.log(`TOTAL: ${passed} passed, ${failed} failed`);
+  await ds.destroy();
+  process.exit(failed > 0 ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+main().catch((err) => {
+  console.error(err);
+  process.exit(1);
+});
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/scripts/seed-wagon-gate-testcases.cjs b/apps/edr-freight-api/scripts/seed-wagon-gate-testcases.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e37dc6536
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/scripts/seed-wagon-gate-testcases.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/**
+ * Seeds the wagon-allocation test bookings into edr_dev (idempotent) and
+ * prints their ids. Rows are kept — they are the evidence for the report.
+ *
+ * References are prefixed WGT- (Wagon Gate Test) so they are easy to find:
+ *   SELECT * FROM freight.bookings WHERE reference LIKE 'WGT-%';
+ */
+const { Client } = require('pg');
+
+const YARD = {
+  DORALEH_FREEZONE: 'fc558b95-da28-4fc3-8348-311a290c34ae',
+  DIRE_DAWA: 'f7b1686f-d43e-42aa-bc6a-d3d5849296c9',
+  KALITY: '61ae1e66-c229-4dcd-9851-b2b9424f3a95',
+  DMP: '7b658678-ce2b-41aa-8dc5-b38ba4a76e9b',
+};
+const CARGO = {
+  PERISHABLE: 'a5991d3a-d690-4b7e-98fd-ea3333aa16e7', // NW5 30T / PW2 20T
+  STEEL_BILLET: '8291ccc3-0dd9-4d78-aa44-284d028a19ce', // NW5 40T / PW2 10T (inverted)
+  BEANS: '9afd8eb3-975b-4ea7-a7db-04eb2c20a04d', // PW2 only, no cap
+  SAND: '8942884d-9991-42bb-87f7-a70930f8c43c', // CW3/CW4 only, no cap
+};
+const CONTAINER = {
+  '20FT': '77cf24ec-e74b-4bdb-b1cc-6f336379cc58',
+  '40FT': '349072e7-8a90-4c03-b682-08976abfd7e8',
+};
+const COMPANY = '300d5510-e3a5-4858-bc28-6e3beda8ca80';
+
+/** Test bookings: 4 corridors, bulk + container, contested and uncontested. */
+const BOOKINGS = [
+  // --- Case A: DORALEH_FREEZONE -> KALITY (full leg), bulk vs container contest
+  { ref: 'WGT-A1', dir: 'IMPORT', type: 'BULK', from: 'DORALEH_FREEZONE', to: 'KALITY',
+    cargo: 'PERISHABLE', tons: 695, note: 'A: 695T Perishable, contends with containers for NW5' },
+  { ref: 'WGT-A2', dir: 'IMPORT', type: 'CONTAINER', from: 'DORALEH_FREEZONE', to: 'KALITY',
+    containers: [{ type: '40FT', qty: 12, vgm: 26 }], note: 'A: 12x40ft, needs 12 container wagons' },
+  { ref: 'WGT-A3', dir: 'IMPORT', type: 'CONTAINER', from: 'DORALEH_FREEZONE', to: 'KALITY',
+    containers: [{ type: '20FT', qty: 16, vgm: 12 }], note: 'A: 16x20ft = 8 wagons (TEU paired)' },
+
+  // --- Case B: sub-corridor legs on the same 3-stop route (leg overlap)
+  { ref: 'WGT-B1', dir: 'IMPORT', type: 'CONTAINER', from: 'DORALEH_FREEZONE', to: 'DIRE_DAWA',
+    containers: [{ type: '20FT', qty: 6, vgm: 14 }], note: 'B: leg 1 only (DCT->Dire), 3 wagons' },
+  { ref: 'WGT-B2', dir: 'IMPORT', type: 'BULK', from: 'DIRE_DAWA', to: 'KALITY',
+    cargo: 'PERISHABLE', tons: 120, note: 'B: leg 2 only (Dire->Kality) - may reuse leg-1 wagons' },
+
+  // --- Case C: cap inversion - Steel Billet is CHEAPER on NW5 (40T) than PW2 (10T)
+  { ref: 'WGT-C1', dir: 'IMPORT', type: 'BULK', from: 'DORALEH_FREEZONE', to: 'KALITY',
+    cargo: 'STEEL_BILLET', tons: 400, note: 'C: inverted caps - must NOT blindly take PW2' },
+
+  // --- Case D: exclusive-type cargo (Beans=PW2 only, Sand=CW3/CW4 only)
+  { ref: 'WGT-D1', dir: 'IMPORT', type: 'BULK', from: 'DORALEH_FREEZONE', to: 'KALITY',
+    cargo: 'BEANS', tons: 200, note: 'D: PW2-only cargo, no alternative' },
+  { ref: 'WGT-D2', dir: 'IMPORT', type: 'BULK', from: 'DORALEH_FREEZONE', to: 'KALITY',
+    cargo: 'SAND', tons: 300, note: 'D: CW3/CW4-only cargo' },
+
+  // --- Case E: overload one leg (way beyond any train)
+  { ref: 'WGT-E1', dir: 'IMPORT', type: 'BULK', from: 'DORALEH_FREEZONE', to: 'KALITY',
+    cargo: 'PERISHABLE', tons: 3000, note: 'E: 3000T - must overflow the loco pull limit' },
+  { ref: 'WGT-E2', dir: 'IMPORT', type: 'BULK', from: 'DORALEH_FREEZONE', to: 'KALITY',
+    cargo: 'PERISHABLE', tons: 45, note: 'E: small bulk - must NOT share a wagon with A1' },
+];
+
+async function main() {
+  const client = new Client({
+    host: process.env.DB_HOST || '10.18.7.207',
+    port: Number(process.env.DB_PORT || 5432),
+    database: process.env.DB_NAME || 'edr_dev',
+    user: process.env.DB_USER || 'postgres',
+    password: process.env.DB_PASSWORD || 'dcba@1234',
+  });
+  await client.connect();
+
+  const out = [];
+  for (const b of BOOKINGS) {
+    const isBulk = b.type === 'BULK';
+    const totalVgm = isBulk
+      ? b.tons
+      : b.containers.reduce((s, l) => s + l.qty * l.vgm, 0);
+
+    const existing = await client.query(
+      `SELECT id FROM freight.bookings WHERE reference = $1`,
+      [b.ref],
+    );
+    let id;
+    if (existing.rows.length) {
+      id = existing.rows[0].id;
+      await client.query(
+        `UPDATE freight.bookings
+            SET cargo_total_weight_vgm = $2, cargo_type_id = $3,
+                origin_yard_id = $4, destination_yard_id = $5,
+                freight_type = $6, trade_direction = $7,
+                status = 'CLEARANCE_READY', payment_status = 'PENDING',
+                scheduling_status = 'ELIGIBLE', train_schedule_id = NULL,
+                cargo_free_text = $8, updated_at = now()
+          WHERE id = $1`,
+        [id, totalVgm, isBulk ? CARGO[b.cargo] : null,
+         YARD[b.from], YARD[b.to], b.type, b.dir, b.note],
+      );
+    } else {
+      const res = await client.query(
+        `INSERT INTO freight.bookings (
+           reference, status, total_amount, payment_status, contract_type,
+           trade_direction, equipment_return, cargo_total_weight_vgm,
+           is_hazardous, payment_currency, version_number, priority_score,
+           origin_yard_id, destination_yard_id, cargo_type_id, cargo_free_text,
+           freight_type, scheduling_status, is_government,
+           customs_clearing_enabled, is_reefer, booking_type, is_split,
+           company_id, created_at, updated_at
+         ) VALUES ($1,'CLEARANCE_READY',0,'PENDING','NEW',$2,'WITHOUT_RETURN',$3,
+                   false,'ETB',1,0,$4,$5,$6,$7,$8,'ELIGIBLE',false,
+                   false,false,'ONE_TIME',false,$9, now(), now())
+         RETURNING id`,
+        [b.ref, b.dir, totalVgm, YARD[b.from], YARD[b.to],
+         isBulk ? CARGO[b.cargo] : null, b.note, b.type, COMPANY],
+      );
+      id = res.rows[0].id;
+    }
+
+    // Container lines
+    await client.query(`DELETE FROM freight.booking_container WHERE booking_id = $1`, [id]);
+    if (!isBulk) {
+      for (const line of b.containers) {
+        await client.query(
+          `INSERT INTO freight.booking_container
+             (booking_id, container_type_id, quantity, vgm_per_unit_tons,
+              total_vgm_tons, wagons_required, container_size, created_at, updated_at)
+           VALUES ($1,$2,$3,$4,$5,$6,$7, now(), now())`,
+          [id, CONTAINER[line.type], line.qty, line.vgm, line.qty * line.vgm,
+           line.type === '40FT' ? line.qty : Math.ceil(line.qty / 2),
+           line.type === '40FT' ? '40ft' : '20ft'],
+        );
+      }
+    }
+    out.push({ ref: b.ref, id, note: b.note });
+  }
+
+  console.table(out);
+  await client.end();
+}
+
+main().catch((err) => {
+  console.error(err.message);
+  process.exit(1);
+});
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/services/train-scheduling.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/services/train-scheduling.service.ts
index b36ed4639..7e527da6e 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/services/train-scheduling.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/services/train-scheduling.service.ts
@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ import {
   maxEdgeConsistUsage,
   perEdgeConsistUsage,
   validateContainerPlacements,
+  validateWagonCargoExclusivity,
   validateMixedTrainLimitsPerEdge,
   MAX_TEU_SLOTS_PER_WAGON,
   type ContainerPlacementInput,
@@ -2200,12 +2201,23 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
       ].map((bookingId) => ({ trainScheduleId: scheduleId, bookingId }));
       await this.trainScheduleBookingsRepository.createMany(scheduleBookingRecords, manager);
 
+      // Leg spans for the per-edge exclusivity guard — a wagon may carry
+      // containers to Dire Dawa and bulk onward, never both at once.
+      const persistLegs = new Map(
+        bookings.flatMap((b) => {
+          const from = scheduleStops.indexOf(b.originYardId);
+          const to = scheduleStops.indexOf(b.destinationYardId);
+          return from >= 0 && to > from ? [[b.id, { from, to }] as const] : [];
+        }),
+      );
       await this.persistAllocationsAndLoads(
         manager,
         savedWagons,
         wagonPlan,
         bookings,
         containerPlacements ?? [],
+        persistLegs,
+        Math.max(1, scheduleStops.length - 1),
       );
 
       // The link above puts these bookings on the train: they are SCHEDULED, not
@@ -5023,6 +5035,9 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
         trainLimits,
         stops,
         stopLabels,
+        // Cargo exclusivity is a per-edge rule: a wagon may carry containers
+        // to Dire Dawa and bulk onward from there, never both at once.
+        legByBookingId,
       ),
     );
     if (requireContainerPlacements && resolvedMode !== 'BULK') {
@@ -6048,6 +6063,9 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
     wagonPlan: WagonPlanSlot[],
     bookings: Booking[],
     containerPlacements: ContainerPlacementInput[] = [],
+    /** Booking id → stop-index span, for the per-edge exclusivity guard. */
+    legs?: Map<string, { from: number; to: number }>,
+    edgeCount = 1,
   ) {
     const bookingById = new Map(bookings.map((b) => [b.id, b]));
     const lineById = new Map(
@@ -6081,16 +6099,18 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
       const trainSetWagon = savedWagons[i];
       if (!slot || !trainSetWagon) continue;
 
-      // Last line of defense behind validateWagonCargoExclusivity: a wagon
-      // with bulk on it carries that one load only — never a container and
-      // never a second bulk booking.
-      if (
-        slot.allocations.length > 1 &&
-        slot.allocations.some((a) => a.loadType === AllocationLoadType.Bulk)
-      ) {
-        throw new BadRequestException(
-          `Wagon #${slot.sequenceNo} mixes bulk with other cargo — a wagon carrying bulk takes that one load only`,
-        );
+      // Last line of defense behind validateWagonCargoExclusivity: while a
+      // bulk load rides, its wagon carries nothing else — no container and no
+      // second bulk booking. Loads on DISJOINT legs (a container that alights
+      // where the bulk boards) legitimately share the wagon, so the check is
+      // per corridor edge, using the same leg spans the plan was built with.
+      const exclusivityIssues = validateWagonCargoExclusivity(
+        [slot],
+        legs,
+        edgeCount,
+      );
+      if (exclusivityIssues.length) {
+        throw new BadRequestException(exclusivityIssues[0]);
       }
 
       for (const alloc of slot.allocations) {
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/utils/wagon-plan.util.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/utils/wagon-plan.util.ts
index 5447a0b6e..cf2c384d9 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/utils/wagon-plan.util.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/utils/wagon-plan.util.ts
@@ -502,20 +502,48 @@ export function sumWagonsRequired(booking: Booking, wagonPlan?: WagonPlanSlot[])
 }
 
 /**
- * One wagon carries one kind of cargo: a slot with a BULK allocation holds
- * nothing else — no container beside it and no second bulk booking. Container
- * allocations may still share a wagon with each other (TEU rules apply).
+ * One wagon carries one kind of cargo AT A TIME: while a bulk load rides, the
+ * wagon holds nothing else — no container beside it and no second bulk
+ * booking. Container allocations may share a wagon with each other (TEU rules
+ * apply).
+ *
+ * "At a time" is the whole rule: a wagon whose cargo alights at Dire Dawa is
+ * empty steel for whatever boards there, so an import container on
+ * Doraleh→Dire and bulk on Dire→Kality legitimately share one wagon. Pass
+ * `legs` (booking id → stop-index span) to check per corridor edge; without
+ * it every allocation is treated as riding the whole route, which is the
+ * correct reading for a single-leg train.
  */
-export function validateWagonCargoExclusivity(wagonPlan: WagonPlanSlot[]): string[] {
+export function validateWagonCargoExclusivity(
+  wagonPlan: WagonPlanSlot[],
+  legs?: Map<string, { from: number; to: number }>,
+  edgeCount = 1,
+): string[] {
   const violations: string[] = [];
+  const edges = Math.max(1, edgeCount);
+  const spanOf = (bookingId: string) => {
+    const leg = legs?.get(bookingId);
+    if (!leg || leg.from < 0 || leg.to > edges || leg.from >= leg.to) {
+      return { from: 0, to: edges };
+    }
+    return leg;
+  };
+
   for (const slot of wagonPlan) {
-    const hasBulk = slot.allocations.some(
-      (a) => a.loadType === AllocationLoadType.Bulk,
-    );
-    if (hasBulk && slot.allocations.length > 1) {
-      violations.push(
-        `Wagon #${slot.sequenceNo} mixes bulk with other cargo — a wagon carrying bulk takes that one load only`,
-      );
+    if (slot.allocations.length < 2) continue;
+    // Per edge: who is on this wagon while it rides that edge?
+    for (let edge = 0; edge < edges; edge += 1) {
+      const riding = slot.allocations.filter((a) => {
+        const span = spanOf(a.bookingId);
+        return span.from <= edge && edge < span.to;
+      });
+      if (riding.length < 2) continue;
+      if (riding.some((a) => a.loadType === AllocationLoadType.Bulk)) {
+        violations.push(
+          `Wagon #${slot.sequenceNo} mixes bulk with other cargo — a wagon carrying bulk takes that one load only`,
+        );
+        break;
+      }
     }
   }
   return violations;
@@ -547,6 +575,9 @@ export function validateTrainLimits(
   wagonPlan: WagonPlanSlot[],
   wagonType: Pick<WagonType, 'lengthMeters'>,
   limits?: TrainLimitConfig,
+  /** Leg-aware cargo exclusivity — see {@link validateWagonCargoExclusivity}. */
+  legs?: Map<string, { from: number; to: number }>,
+  edgeCount?: number,
 ): string[] {
   const maxWeightTons = limits?.maxWeightTons ?? MAX_TRAIN_WEIGHT_TONS;
   const maxLengthMeters = limits?.maxLengthMeters ?? MAX_TRAIN_LENGTH_METERS;
@@ -564,7 +595,7 @@ export function validateTrainLimits(
   );
 
   violations.push(...validateBulkWagonSlotWeights(wagonPlan));
-  violations.push(...validateWagonCargoExclusivity(wagonPlan));
+  violations.push(...validateWagonCargoExclusivity(wagonPlan, legs, edgeCount));
 
   return violations;
 }
@@ -578,6 +609,8 @@ export function validateMixedTrainLimits(
   wagonPlan: WagonPlanSlot[],
   wagonTypes: Array<Pick<WagonType, 'lengthMeters'>>,
   limits?: TrainLimitConfig,
+  legs?: Map<string, { from: number; to: number }>,
+  edgeCount?: number,
 ): string[] {
   const maxLengthMeters = limits?.maxLengthMeters ?? MAX_TRAIN_LENGTH_METERS;
   const minWagonLength = Math.min(
@@ -591,6 +624,8 @@ export function validateMixedTrainLimits(
     wagonPlan,
     { lengthMeters: minWagonLength },
     { ...limits, maxWagonsPerTrain },
+    legs,
+    edgeCount,
   );
 }
 
@@ -608,8 +643,13 @@ export function validateMixedTrainLimitsPerEdge(
   stops: string[],
   /** Display names parallel to `stops` — violations then name the leg they hit. */
   stopLabels?: string[],
+  /** Booking id → stop-index span, so cargo exclusivity is judged per edge. */
+  legs?: Map<string, { from: number; to: number }>,
 ): string[] {
-  if (stops.length <= 2) return validateMixedTrainLimits(wagonPlan, wagonTypes, limits);
+  const edges = Math.max(1, stops.length - 1);
+  if (stops.length <= 2) {
+    return validateMixedTrainLimits(wagonPlan, wagonTypes, limits, legs, edges);
+  }
   const spans = slotSpans(wagonPlan, stops);
   const label = (i: number) => stopLabels?.[i] ?? stops[i];
   const violations = new Set<string>();
@@ -618,7 +658,13 @@ export function validateMixedTrainLimitsPerEdge(
       (_, i) => spans[i].from <= edge && edge < spans[i].to,
     );
     if (!active.length) continue;
-    for (const violation of validateMixedTrainLimits(active, wagonTypes, limits)) {
+    for (const violation of validateMixedTrainLimits(
+      active,
+      wagonTypes,
+      limits,
+      legs,
+      edges,
+    )) {
       violations.add(`Leg ${label(edge)} → ${label(edge + 1)}: ${violation}`);
     }
   }
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/wagon-plan-flex.util.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/wagon-plan-flex.util.ts
index d30094b30..275e0f9fb 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/wagon-plan-flex.util.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/wagon-plan-flex.util.ts
@@ -416,8 +416,14 @@ export function planWagonsWithStock(params: {
         }
         const allowedIds = new Set(candidates.map((wt) => wt.id));
         const teu = unit.teuSlots ?? teuSlotsForSizeFt(unit.sizeFt ?? 20);
+        // A BULK wagon whose cargo alights before this unit boards is empty
+        // steel again and may carry containers on the later leg (and vice
+        // versa — see the bulk reuse pass). While both ride together, the
+        // kinds never mix.
+        const disjointFrom = (open: OpenSlot): boolean =>
+          open.covered.to <= leg.from || leg.to <= open.covered.from;
         const fitsSlot = (open: OpenSlot): boolean =>
-          open.kind === 'CONTAINER' &&
+          (open.kind === 'CONTAINER' || disjointFrom(open)) &&
           allowedIds.has(open.slot.wagonTypeId) &&
           teuFits(open, leg, teu) &&
           canExtendSpan(open, leg);
@@ -457,6 +463,7 @@ export function planWagonsWithStock(params: {
         message: `Cargo type "${booking.cargoType?.cargoTypeName ?? booking.cargoType?.code ?? 'unknown'}" has no wagon types configured — set them in its configuration before scheduling.`,
       };
     }
+    const allowedIds = new Set(candidates.map((wt) => wt.id));
     // Break-bulk (PER_ITEM): `cargoTotalWeightVgm` is the ITEM COUNT and the
     // real tonnage lives in `bulkTotalWeightTons` — bookingCargoTons resolves
     // it either way. Items are indivisible, so a wagon takes whole items only,
@@ -500,9 +507,61 @@ export function planWagonsWithStock(params: {
         )
       : candidates;
 
-    // One bulk booking per wagon: a wagon carrying bulk takes that one
-    // booking's cargo only — never topped up from another booking, even of
-    // the same cargo type. Every bulk booking therefore opens its own wagons.
+    // One bulk booking per wagon PER LEG: a wagon carrying bulk takes that one
+    // booking's cargo for as long as it rides — never topped up from another
+    // booking on the same edges, even of the same cargo type.
+    //
+    // A wagon whose cargo ALIGHTS before this booking boards is free steel
+    // again, though: an import container uncoupled at Dire Dawa leaves its
+    // wagon empty for bulk loading there. Reuse those disjoint-leg slots
+    // before opening new stock — containers already do this, and without it a
+    // train with 3 wagons could not seat 3 wagons of leg-1 cargo plus 3 of
+    // leg-2 cargo.
+    const disjoint = (open: OpenSlot): boolean =>
+      open.covered.to <= leg.from || leg.to <= open.covered.from;
+    const reusable = openSlots.filter(
+      (open) =>
+        disjoint(open) &&
+        allowedIds.has(open.slot.wagonTypeId) &&
+        // A pooled wagon boards at its own yard; it cannot ride backwards.
+        !(open.pool && leg.from < open.covered.from),
+    );
+    for (const open of reusable) {
+      if (perItem ? remainingItems <= 0 : remainingWeight <= 0) break;
+      const wagonType = candidates.find((wt) => wt.id === open.slot.wagonTypeId);
+      if (!wagonType) continue;
+      const room = bulkTonsPerWagon(
+        booking.cargoType,
+        open.slot.wagonTypeId,
+        Number(open.slot.capacityTons),
+      );
+      if (!(room > 0)) continue;
+      let take: number;
+      if (perItem) {
+        const budget = Math.min(
+          bulkItemsFitFor(booking.cargoType, open.slot.wagonTypeId) ??
+            Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER,
+          perItemTons > 0 ? Math.max(1, Math.floor(room / perItemTons)) : 1,
+        );
+        const takeItems = Math.max(1, Math.min(budget, remainingItems));
+        take = roundTons(Math.min(takeItems * perItemTons, remainingWeight));
+        remainingItems -= takeItems;
+      } else {
+        take = roundTons(Math.min(room, remainingWeight));
+      }
+      addAllocation(
+        open.slot,
+        booking.id,
+        booking.reference,
+        take,
+        AllocationLoadType.Bulk,
+      );
+      // The wagon now rides this leg too — it is the same physical steel, so
+      // no extra stock is consumed beyond extending its span.
+      extendSpan(open, leg);
+      remainingWeight = roundTons(remainingWeight - take);
+      placedAnywhere = true;
+    }
 
     while ((perItem ? remainingItems > 0 : remainingWeight > 0) || !placedAnywhere) {
       // Per-item: openSlot's stock-depth tie-break would override the fit