diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/migrations/3050000000000-MergeDuplicateSebetaYards.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/migrations/3050000000000-MergeDuplicateSebetaYards.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c8a2c5722
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/migrations/3050000000000-MergeDuplicateSebetaYards.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner } from "typeorm";
+
+/**
+ * Two active "Sebeta" yards existed (code LEGACY_DEST label "Sebeta", and code
+ * SEBETA label "sebeta") — rates and routes pointed at one or the other, so a
+ * rate configured against one never matched a contract routed via the other.
+ * Merge them: keep the row all rates/distances/facilities reference
+ * (LEGACY_DEST), repoint every yard reference from the duplicate to it, retire
+ * the duplicate, and give the survivor the clean SEBETA code. Then make
+ * duplicate active yard labels/codes impossible at the DB level.
+ */
+export class MergeDuplicateSebetaYards3050000000000 implements MigrationInterface {
+  name = "MergeDuplicateSebetaYards3050000000000";
+
+  public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    await queryRunner.query(`
+      DO $$
+      DECLARE
+        survivor uuid;
+        dupe uuid;
+        col record;
+      BEGIN
+        SELECT id INTO survivor FROM freight.yards
+          WHERE code = 'LEGACY_DEST' AND lower(trim(label)) = 'sebeta' AND deleted_at IS NULL;
+        SELECT id INTO dupe FROM freight.yards
+          WHERE code = 'SEBETA' AND deleted_at IS NULL;
+        IF survivor IS NULL OR dupe IS NULL OR survivor = dupe THEN
+          RETURN;
+        END IF;
+
+        -- Every yard-referencing column in the schema, so rows created between
+        -- authoring and running this migration are repointed too.
+        FOR col IN
+          SELECT table_name, column_name FROM information_schema.columns
+          WHERE table_schema = 'freight'
+            AND table_name <> 'yards'
+            AND (column_name LIKE '%yard_id%' OR column_name LIKE '%station_id%')
+        LOOP
+          EXECUTE format(
+            'UPDATE freight.%I SET %I = $1 WHERE %I = $2',
+            col.table_name, col.column_name, col.column_name
+          ) USING survivor, dupe;
+        END LOOP;
+
+        UPDATE freight.yards
+          SET code = 'SEBETA@merged', label = 'sebeta@merged', deleted_at = now()
+          WHERE id = dupe;
+        UPDATE freight.yards SET code = 'SEBETA', label = 'Sebeta' WHERE id = survivor;
+      END $$;
+    `);
+
+    await queryRunner.query(`
+      CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "UQ_yards_label_active"
+        ON freight.yards (lower(trim(label))) WHERE deleted_at IS NULL
+    `);
+    await queryRunner.query(`
+      CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "UQ_yards_code_active"
+        ON freight.yards (lower(trim(code))) WHERE deleted_at IS NULL
+    `);
+  }
+
+  public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    // Data repair — not reversible. The uniqueness indexes are the new invariant.
+    await queryRunner.query(`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS freight."UQ_yards_label_active"`);
+    await queryRunner.query(`DROP INDEX IF EXISTS freight."UQ_yards_code_active"`);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/migrations/3060000000000-AddExportPaymentWindow.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/migrations/3060000000000-AddExportPaymentWindow.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c55745126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/migrations/3060000000000-AddExportPaymentWindow.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner } from 'typeorm';
+
+/**
+ * Export bookings get their own pay window, separately tunable from import:
+ * - global_rules.export_payment_window_minutes — global default for EXPORT
+ *   (payment_window_minutes keeps governing IMPORT/DOMESTIC).
+ * - train_schedules.rule_payment_window_minutes — per-schedule override; until
+ *   now the DTO accepted paymentWindowMinutes but only folded it into the
+ *   reopen-delay sum, so the override never reached the actual pay window.
+ * - bookings.requested_train_schedule_id — the export train the customer picked
+ *   at day-commit; pickExportSchedule honors it instead of earliest-first.
+ * - bookings.payment_reminder_sent_at — marks the one pre-deadline pay
+ *   reminder so the 10s window tick doesn't re-send it.
+ */
+export class AddExportPaymentWindow3060000000000 implements MigrationInterface {
+  name = 'AddExportPaymentWindow3060000000000';
+
+  public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      `ALTER TABLE freight.train_scheduling_global_rules ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS export_payment_window_minutes int NOT NULL DEFAULT 60;`,
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      `ALTER TABLE freight.train_schedules ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS rule_payment_window_minutes int;`,
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      `ALTER TABLE freight.bookings ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS requested_train_schedule_id uuid;`,
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      `ALTER TABLE freight.bookings ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS payment_reminder_sent_at timestamptz;`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      `ALTER TABLE freight.bookings DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS payment_reminder_sent_at;`,
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      `ALTER TABLE freight.bookings DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS requested_train_schedule_id;`,
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      `ALTER TABLE freight.train_schedules DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS rule_payment_window_minutes;`,
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      `ALTER TABLE freight.train_scheduling_global_rules DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS export_payment_window_minutes;`,
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/migrations/3070000000000-AddBulkTotalWeightTons.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/migrations/3070000000000-AddBulkTotalWeightTons.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2c50ec8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/migrations/3070000000000-AddBulkTotalWeightTons.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner } from 'typeorm';
+
+/**
+ * Break-bulk (PER_ITEM) bookings store their item count in
+ * cargo_total_weight_vgm, so the actual tonnage was never captured — wagon
+ * allocation divided an item COUNT by a tons capacity and under-allocated
+ * (400 machines ÷ 69T wagon read as 6 wagons instead of 12). New column holds
+ * the real total weight in tons for PER_ITEM cargo; null for PER_TON bulk and
+ * container bookings.
+ */
+export class AddBulkTotalWeightTons3070000000000 implements MigrationInterface {
+  name = 'AddBulkTotalWeightTons3070000000000';
+
+  public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      `ALTER TABLE freight.bookings ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS bulk_total_weight_tons numeric(12,3);`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      `ALTER TABLE freight.bookings DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS bulk_total_weight_tons;`,
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/billing/billing.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/billing/billing.service.ts
index 2bdc6ee16..ca43295d1 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/billing/billing.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/billing/billing.service.ts
@@ -983,6 +983,17 @@ export class BillingService {
    * never fire before the link exists. Throws when the invoice is not found or
    * not in an open/payable status.
    */
+  /**
+   * Settlement check before expiring a payable order (reconcile-before-expire):
+   * live-queries the gateway for any settled intent on the source order. Kept
+   * on billing so the domain never talks to the payment service directly.
+   */
+  reconcilePayable(
+    sourceId: string,
+  ): Promise<{ paid: boolean; unverifiable: boolean }> {
+    return this.payment.reconcileShipment(sourceId);
+  }
+
   async payInvoice(
     invoiceId: string,
     opts: {
@@ -1002,6 +1013,23 @@ export class BillingService {
       );
     }
 
+    // A booking's PREPAID invoice is only payable inside its pay window —
+    // `dueAt` mirrors booking.paymentDeadline (issuePayable at reserve time).
+    // Blocking INITIATION here is what makes the deadline real: a payment
+    // STARTED before this gate but settling late is still honored by the
+    // expire-time gateway reconcile. Other invoice types keep dueAt display-only.
+    if (
+      invoice.source === Freight.InvoiceSource.Booking &&
+      invoice.type === "PREPAID" &&
+      invoice.dueAt &&
+      invoice.dueAt.getTime() <= Date.now()
+    ) {
+      throw new BadRequestException(
+        "The payment window for this booking has closed — the reserved wagons " +
+          "were released. Please book again.",
+      );
+    }
+
     const amountDue = Number(invoice.balanceAmount ?? invoice.totalAmount);
     if (!(amountDue > 0)) {
       throw new BadRequestException("Invoice has no outstanding balance.");
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/booking-pricing.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/booking-pricing.service.ts
index ec2fc5f2e..0eb65bf5d 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/booking-pricing.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/booking-pricing.service.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
   containersPerWagonForSize,
   wagonsPerUnitForSize,
 } from '../rule-engine/container-type.util';
+import { bulkItemWagonsRequired } from '../train-scheduling/train-capacity.util';
 import { BookingsRepository } from './bookings.repository';
 import { wagonRemainder } from './consolidation.service';
 import { GeneratePriceResponseDto, PriceLineItemDto } from './dto/generate-price-response.dto';
@@ -1186,6 +1187,10 @@ export class BookingPricingService {
         ...(cargo.wagonTypes ?? []).map((w) => Number(w.capacityTons) || 0),
       );
       if (!(capacity > 0)) return null;
+      // Break-bulk (PER_ITEM): `tons` above is the item count; size by
+      // indivisible items instead of pretending the count is tonnage.
+      const byItems = bulkItemWagonsRequired(booking, capacity);
+      if (byItems > 0) return byItems;
       return Math.max(1, Math.ceil(tons / capacity));
     } catch {
       return null;
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/booking-transition.operation.spec.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/booking-transition.operation.spec.ts
index 5f82a8e3b..0726445d5 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/booking-transition.operation.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/booking-transition.operation.spec.ts
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ describe('BookingTransitionService — operation review', () => {
     };
     const bookingsService = {
       findById: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(booking),
+      assertNoUnpaidHold: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
     };
     const bookingBatchService = {
       enqueueRouteDayProcessing: jest.fn(),
@@ -144,6 +145,7 @@ describe('BookingTransitionService — requestOperation export space gate', () =
     };
     const bookingsService = {
       findById: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(booking),
+      assertNoUnpaidHold: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
       checkDayCompatibilityForBooking: jest
         .fn()
         .mockResolvedValue({ hasDeparture: true, hasCompatible: true }),
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/booking-transition.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/booking-transition.service.ts
index d7b24d514..9dea12990 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/booking-transition.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/booking-transition.service.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@ import {
 } from "@nestjs/common";
 import { EventEmitter2, OnEvent } from "@nestjs/event-emitter";
 
-import { BookingBatchService } from '../train-scheduling/booking-batch.service';
+import {
+  BookingBatchService,
+  type ExportTrainOption,
+} from '../train-scheduling/booking-batch.service';
 import { eatDay } from '../train-scheduling/batch-window.util';
 import { isRoadService } from './road.util';
 import { RuleEngineService } from '../rule-engine/rule-engine.service';
@@ -401,6 +404,31 @@ export class BookingTransitionService {
     return fresh;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Customer cancels their own unpaid hold (SELECTED_FOR_BATCH): the wagons
+   * release immediately instead of tying up the train until the pay window
+   * lapses. Ends CANCELLED; the freed capacity tops up from the waiting list.
+   */
+  async cancelHold(bookingId: string, reason?: string): Promise<Booking> {
+    const booking = await this.bookingsService.findById(bookingId);
+    assertBookingStatus(booking, ["SELECTED_FOR_BATCH"]);
+    if (booking.consolidationPartnerId) {
+      throw new BadRequestException(
+        "This booking shares a consolidated wagon with another booking — " +
+          "contact support to cancel it.",
+      );
+    }
+    await this.bookingsRepository.createReviewNote(
+      bookingId,
+      reason ?? "Customer cancelled before payment",
+      "REJECTION",
+    );
+    await this.bookingBatchService.cancelReservation(bookingId);
+    const fresh = await this.bookingsService.findById(bookingId);
+    this.notifier.cancelled(fresh, reason ?? "Cancelled before payment");
+    return fresh;
+  }
+
   async cancel(bookingId: string, reason: string): Promise<Booking> {
     const booking = await this.bookingsService.findById(bookingId);
     assertBookingStatus(booking, [
@@ -891,6 +919,7 @@ export class BookingTransitionService {
   async requestOperation(
     bookingId: string,
     scheduledDate: string,
+    requestedTrainScheduleId?: string | null,
   ): Promise<Booking> {
     const booking = await this.bookingsService.findById(bookingId);
     assertBookingStatus(booking, [
@@ -898,6 +927,13 @@ export class BookingTransitionService {
       "OPERATION_CHANGES_REQUESTED",
     ]);
 
+    // A company sitting on another unpaid hold commits nothing new — this is
+    // the moment export capacity locks, so the lock applies here too.
+    // Government bookings allocate without paying and are exempt.
+    if (!booking.isGovernment) {
+      await this.bookingsService.assertNoUnpaidHold(booking.companyId);
+    }
+
     // A bare initiated instance (clearance-first flow) carries no cargo or
     // price — it must go through the contract completion endpoint, which
     // persists cargo, prices, invoices and only then lands here itself.
@@ -942,10 +978,18 @@ export class BookingTransitionService {
     // largest bookable leftover ("reduce to N wagons or pick another day").
     // Import/domestic bookings are batched + splittable, so they are NOT gated
     // here — they get an advisory count below and the batch engine sizes them.
-    const scheduledBooking = { ...booking, scheduledDate: date } as Booking;
     const isExportTrain =
       booking.tradeDirection === "EXPORT" &&
       !isRoadService(booking.serviceType);
+    // The customer's train pick only exists for export rail; it rides the
+    // booking through the space checks below AND is persisted so the accept /
+    // reserve path locks onto that train (pickExportSchedule honors it).
+    const requestedId = isExportTrain ? (requestedTrainScheduleId ?? null) : null;
+    const scheduledBooking = {
+      ...booking,
+      scheduledDate: date,
+      requestedTrainScheduleId: requestedId,
+    } as Booking;
     if (isExportTrain) {
       // With export split ON the booking no longer has to ride ONE train whole:
       // the largest fitting part is offered and the leftover rebooks on the next
@@ -958,9 +1002,14 @@ export class BookingTransitionService {
           eatDay(date),
           "EXPORT",
         );
-        if (!fitting.length) {
+        const fitsRequest = requestedId
+          ? fitting.some((f) => f.scheduleId === requestedId)
+          : fitting.length > 0;
+        if (!fitsRequest) {
           throw new ConflictException(
-            "No export train on this day has space left — pick another shipment day.",
+            requestedId
+              ? "The selected train has no space left — pick another train or day."
+              : "No export train on this day has space left — pick another shipment day.",
           );
         }
       } else {
@@ -971,6 +1020,7 @@ export class BookingTransitionService {
     await this.bookingsRepository.update(bookingId, {
       status: "OPERATION_REQUEST_PENDING",
       scheduledDate: date,
+      requestedTrainScheduleId: requestedId,
     } as never);
     const fresh = await this.bookingsService.findById(bookingId);
     this.notifier.operationRequestedToStaff(fresh);
@@ -988,6 +1038,35 @@ export class BookingTransitionService {
    * total covers the booking. `trainsForDay` is false when no departure carries
    * the leg — the day is unbookable regardless of space.
    */
+  /**
+   * Export train picker data for a shipment day the customer is choosing:
+   * each export train on the booking's corridor with per-wagon-type free
+   * space. Export rail bookings only — nothing else picks a train.
+   */
+  async exportTrainsForBooking(
+    bookingId: string,
+    scheduledDate: string,
+  ): Promise<ExportTrainOption[]> {
+    const booking = await this.bookingsService.findById(bookingId);
+    const date = new Date(scheduledDate);
+    if (Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) {
+      throw new BadRequestException("A valid schedule date is required");
+    }
+    if (
+      booking.tradeDirection !== "EXPORT" ||
+      isRoadService(booking.serviceType)
+    ) {
+      throw new BadRequestException(
+        "Train selection is only available for export rail bookings",
+      );
+    }
+    const scheduledBooking = { ...booking, scheduledDate: date } as Booking;
+    return this.bookingBatchService.exportTrainOptionsForDay(
+      scheduledBooking,
+      eatDay(date),
+    );
+  }
+
   async dayAvailabilityForBooking(
     bookingId: string,
     scheduledDate: string,
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/bookings.controller.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/bookings.controller.ts
index 54ce1660e..875e3b08d 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/bookings.controller.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/bookings.controller.ts
@@ -751,10 +751,24 @@ export class BookingsController {
     const booking = await this.transitionService.requestOperation(
       id,
       dto.scheduledDate,
+      dto.trainScheduleId ?? null,
     );
     return this.transitionService.enrichBookingResponse(booking);
   }
 
+  @Get(":id/export-trains")
+  @ApiOperation({
+    summary:
+      "Export train picker: the day's export trains on the booking's corridor " +
+      "with per-wagon-type free space (export rail bookings only)",
+  })
+  async exportTrainsForBooking(
+    @Param("id", ParseUUIDPipe) id: string,
+    @Query("date") date: string,
+  ) {
+    return this.transitionService.exportTrainsForBooking(id, date);
+  }
+
   @Post(":id/operation/review")
   @BookingStaff(FREIGHT_PERMS.bookings.operations)
   @ApiOperation({
@@ -1271,6 +1285,20 @@ export class BookingsController {
     return this.transitionService.enrichBookingResponse(booking);
   }
 
+  @Post(":id/cancel-hold")
+  @ApiOperation({
+    summary:
+      "Customer cancels an unpaid hold (SELECTED_FOR_BATCH → CANCELLED); " +
+      "reserved wagons release immediately",
+  })
+  async cancelHold(
+    @Param("id", ParseUUIDPipe) id: string,
+    @Body() dto: CancelBookingDto,
+  ) {
+    const booking = await this.transitionService.cancelHold(id, dto.reason);
+    return this.transitionService.enrichBookingResponse(booking);
+  }
+
   @Post(":id/consolidation")
   @ApiOperation({ summary: "Request freight consolidation" })
   requestConsolidation(@Param("id", ParseUUIDPipe) id: string) {
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/bookings.repository.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/bookings.repository.ts
index b9ced4f96..fb685a37c 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/bookings.repository.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/bookings.repository.ts
@@ -1316,6 +1316,16 @@ export class BookingsRepository extends BaseRepository<Booking> {
       .getMany();
   }
 
+  /** Open unpaid holds (wagons reserved, pay window running) for a company. */
+  countUnpaidHoldsForCompany(companyId: string): Promise<number> {
+    return this.repository.count({
+      where: {
+        companyId,
+        status: In(['SELECTED_FOR_BATCH', 'AWAITING_PAYMENT']),
+      },
+    });
+  }
+
   /** Bookings currently reserved (SELECTED_FOR_BATCH) against a schedule. */
   findReservedForSchedule(scheduleId: string): Promise<Booking[]> {
     return this.repository
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/bookings.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/bookings.service.ts
index d40433f4e..2c5e6ed88 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/bookings.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/bookings.service.ts
@@ -602,6 +602,24 @@ export class BookingsService {
     return result.booking;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * A company with an open unpaid hold (SELECTED_FOR_BATCH — wagons reserved,
+   * pay window running) may not take more capacity until it pays or the hold
+   * dies: otherwise one customer can lock a train's wagons over and over
+   * without ever paying. EXPIRED / CANCELLED holds free the lock.
+   */
+  async assertNoUnpaidHold(companyId?: string | null): Promise<void> {
+    if (!companyId) return;
+    const holds =
+      await this.bookingsRepository.countUnpaidHoldsForCompany(companyId);
+    if (holds > 0) {
+      throw new ConflictException(
+        'You already have a booking waiting for payment. Pay it or cancel it ' +
+          'before making a new booking.',
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
   /** Create a new freight booking. */
   async create(
     dto: CreateBookingDto,
@@ -664,6 +682,10 @@ export class BookingsService {
       companyId = company.id;
     }
 
+    // Government bookings allocate without paying, so the unpaid-hold lock
+    // only applies to commercial companies.
+    if (!isGovernment) await this.assertNoUnpaidHold(companyId);
+
     if (dto.trainScheduleId) {
       // Staff manual pin: the schedule must be OPEN and on the same route.
       const schedule = await this.dataSource
@@ -857,6 +879,9 @@ export class BookingsService {
       cargoFreeText: dto.cargoFreeText,
       shippingLineId: dto.shippingLineId,
       cargoTotalWeightVgm: dto.cargoTotalWeightVgm,
+      // Break-bulk actual tonnage (PER_ITEM cargo); meaningless outside BULK.
+      bulkTotalWeightTons:
+        dto.freightType === 'BULK' ? (dto.bulkTotalWeightTons ?? null) : null,
       isHazardous: dto.isHazardous ?? false,
       // Bulk reefer is the customer's toggle; container reefer is derived from
       // the container type at pricing time, so the booking-level flag stays off
@@ -1048,6 +1073,11 @@ export class BookingsService {
       ...dto,
       freightType,
       cargoTypeId: freightType === 'BULK' ? cargoTypeId : null,
+      // Break-bulk actual tonnage; cleared when the booking leaves BULK.
+      bulkTotalWeightTons:
+        freightType === 'BULK'
+          ? (dto.bulkTotalWeightTons ?? existing.bulkTotalWeightTons ?? null)
+          : null,
       // Booking-level reefer is only meaningful for bulk; container reefer is
       // derived from the container type at pricing time.
       isReefer:
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/dto/create-booking.dto.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/dto/create-booking.dto.ts
index c4d971f51..074a45323 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/dto/create-booking.dto.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/dto/create-booking.dto.ts
@@ -325,6 +325,21 @@ export class CreateBookingDto {
   @Transform(({ value }) => Number(value))
   cargoTotalWeightVgm!: number;
 
+  /**
+   * Break-bulk only: actual total cargo weight in tons when the bulk cargo
+   * type is PER_ITEM — `cargoTotalWeightVgm` then carries the item count.
+   * Omit for PER_TON bulk and container freight.
+   */
+  @ApiPropertyOptional({
+    minimum: 0,
+    description: 'Break-bulk (PER_ITEM) total weight in tons; cargoTotalWeightVgm holds the item count',
+  })
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsNumber()
+  @Min(0)
+  @Transform(({ value }) => (value == null ? undefined : Number(value)))
+  bulkTotalWeightTons?: number;
+
   @ApiPropertyOptional({ default: false })
   @IsOptional()
   @IsBoolean()
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/dto/request-changes.dto.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/dto/request-changes.dto.ts
index f27b375bb..63ad5b9f4 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/dto/request-changes.dto.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/dto/request-changes.dto.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   IsInt,
   IsOptional,
   IsString,
+  IsUUID,
   Max,
   Min,
   MinLength,
@@ -93,6 +94,17 @@ export class RequestOperationDto {
   })
   @IsDateString()
   scheduledDate!: string;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional({
+    description:
+      'EXPORT rail only: the specific train (schedule id) the customer picked ' +
+      'from GET /bookings/:id/export-trains. The reserve path locks onto this ' +
+      'train instead of earliest-first; 409 if it no longer fits. Ignored for ' +
+      'import/domestic/road bookings.',
+  })
+  @IsOptional()
+  @IsUUID()
+  trainScheduleId?: string;
 }
 
 export class OperationReviewDto {
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/entities/booking.entity.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/entities/booking.entity.ts
index 3d0603f5f..3d339fa19 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/entities/booking.entity.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/bookings/entities/booking.entity.ts
@@ -365,6 +365,15 @@ export class Booking extends BaseEntity {
   @Column({ name: 'cargo_total_weight_vgm', type: 'numeric', precision: 12, scale: 3 })
   cargoTotalWeightVgm!: number;
 
+  /**
+   * Break-bulk only: actual total cargo weight in tons when the bulk cargo
+   * type is PER_ITEM (`cargoTotalWeightVgm` then carries the item COUNT).
+   * Null for PER_TON bulk and all CONTAINER bookings. Wagon allocation uses
+   * weight ÷ count to size indivisible items per wagon.
+   */
+  @Column({ name: 'bulk_total_weight_tons', type: 'numeric', precision: 12, scale: 3, nullable: true })
+  bulkTotalWeightTons?: number | null;
+
   @Column({ name: 'is_hazardous', type: 'boolean', default: false })
   isHazardous!: boolean;
 
@@ -499,6 +508,18 @@ export class Booking extends BaseEntity {
   @Column({ name: 'train_schedule_id', type: 'uuid', nullable: true })
   trainScheduleId?: string | null;
 
+  /**
+   * EXPORT only: the specific train the customer picked at day-commit.
+   * pickExportSchedule reserves on this train (409 if it no longer fits)
+   * instead of falling back to earliest-departure-first. NULL = no preference.
+   */
+  @Column({ name: 'requested_train_schedule_id', type: 'uuid', nullable: true })
+  requestedTrainScheduleId?: string | null;
+
+  /** Stamped when the one pre-deadline pay reminder went out (tick dedup). */
+  @Column({ name: 'payment_reminder_sent_at', type: 'timestamptz', nullable: true })
+  paymentReminderSentAt?: Date | null;
+
   // ── Per-booking journey (segment corridor bookings) ────────────────────────
   // A booking rides only its own origin→destination leg of the train's route,
   // so dispatch/arrival are per-booking facts, not train facts. Clearance gates
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/contracts/contract-booking.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/contracts/contract-booking.service.ts
index c567f71ce..d8c26290c 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/contracts/contract-booking.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/contracts/contract-booking.service.ts
@@ -109,6 +109,23 @@ export class ContractBookingService {
     private readonly bookingTransitionService: BookingTransitionService,
   ) {}
 
+  /**
+   * Mirrors BookingsService.assertNoUnpaidHold for the contract booking paths:
+   * a company sitting on an unpaid hold (SELECTED_FOR_BATCH) books nothing new
+   * until it pays or the hold dies.
+   */
+  private async assertNoUnpaidHold(companyId?: string | null): Promise<void> {
+    if (!companyId) return;
+    const holds =
+      await this.bookingsRepository.countUnpaidHoldsForCompany(companyId);
+    if (holds > 0) {
+      throw new ConflictException(
+        'You already have a booking waiting for payment. Pay it or cancel it ' +
+          'before making a new booking.',
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
   async createUnderContract(
     contractId: string,
     dto: CreateBookingUnderContractDto,
@@ -169,6 +186,8 @@ export class ContractBookingService {
     // remainder; the customer cannot start any other booking on the contract.
     // If the remainder splits again the same rule repeats until the cap is
     // exhausted and the contract completes.
+    await this.assertNoUnpaidHold(contract.companyId);
+
     if (contract.contractKind === 'ONE_TIME') {
       if (await this.hasSplitBooking(contractId)) {
         await this.assertExactRemainder(contract, dto);
@@ -455,6 +474,7 @@ export class ContractBookingService {
         );
       }
     }
+    await this.assertNoUnpaidHold(contract.companyId);
 
     const route = await this.resolveRoute(contract, dto.contractRouteId);
 
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/contracts/contract-pricing.lane-scope.spec.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/contracts/contract-pricing.lane-scope.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ffbef03e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/contracts/contract-pricing.lane-scope.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import { UnprocessableEntityException } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { ContractPricingService } from './contract-pricing.service';
+import type { Contract } from './entities/contract.entity';
+import type { Rate } from '../rule-engine/entities/rate.entity';
+
+const CT20 = 'ct-20';
+const CT40 = 'ct-40';
+const DCT = 'yard-dct';
+const SEBETA = 'yard-sebeta';
+const GMP = 'yard-gmp';
+
+const rate = (over: Partial<Rate>): Rate =>
+  ({
+    rateType: 'CONTAINER_IMPORT',
+    currency: 'USD',
+    rateValue: 1000,
+    rateUnit: 'PER_CONTAINER',
+    containerTypeId: null,
+    cargoTypeId: null,
+    originYardId: DCT,
+    destinationYardId: SEBETA,
+    ...over,
+  }) as Rate;
+
+const contract = (over: Partial<Contract>): Contract =>
+  ({
+    freightType: 'CONTAINER',
+    tradeDirection: 'IMPORT',
+    paymentCurrency: 'USD',
+    customsClearingEnabled: false,
+    isHazardous: false,
+    isReefer: false,
+    routes: [{ originYardId: DCT, destinationYardId: SEBETA, sortOrder: 0 }],
+    cargoScope: [{ containerSize: '20ft' }],
+    ...over,
+  }) as Contract;
+
+const service = (liveRates: Rate[]): ContractPricingService =>
+  new ContractPricingService(
+    {} as never,
+    { findLiveRates: async () => liveRates } as never,
+    {
+      findAll: async () => ({
+        items: [
+          { id: CT20, sizeFt: 20 },
+          { id: CT40, sizeFt: 40 },
+        ],
+      }),
+    } as never,
+    { getRate: async () => 1 } as never,
+  );
+
+describe('contract base freight is priced on the contract lane only', () => {
+  it('prices from the contract route, never another lane (CTR-2026-00065)', async () => {
+    const breakdown = await service([
+      // Same size, other lane — the leak that priced DCT → Sebeta at GMP rates.
+      rate({ containerTypeId: CT20, destinationYardId: GMP, rateValue: 1690 }),
+      rate({ containerTypeId: CT20, rateValue: 750 }),
+    ]).buildBreakdown(contract({}));
+    expect(breakdown.lineItems).toEqual([
+      expect.objectContaining({ code: 'CONTAINER_20FT', unitPrice: 750 }),
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('blocks the contract when its lane has no container rate', async () => {
+    await expect(
+      service([
+        rate({ containerTypeId: CT20, destinationYardId: GMP, rateValue: 1690 }),
+      ]).buildBreakdown(contract({})),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(UnprocessableEntityException);
+  });
+
+  it('blocks bulk contracts too instead of borrowing an arbitrary rate', async () => {
+    const bulk = contract({ freightType: 'BULK', cargoScope: [] });
+    await expect(
+      service([
+        rate({
+          rateType: 'BULK_IMPORT',
+          rateUnit: 'PER_TON',
+          destinationYardId: GMP,
+        }),
+      ]).buildBreakdown(bulk),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(UnprocessableEntityException);
+    const priced = await service([
+      rate({ rateType: 'BULK_IMPORT', rateUnit: 'PER_TON', rateValue: 32 }),
+    ]).buildBreakdown(bulk);
+    expect(priced.lineItems).toEqual([
+      expect.objectContaining({ code: 'BULK_FREIGHT', unitPrice: 32 }),
+    ]);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/contracts/contract-pricing.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/contracts/contract-pricing.service.ts
index a4e4b43b5..fdf4fa3d1 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/contracts/contract-pricing.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/contracts/contract-pricing.service.ts
@@ -84,6 +84,26 @@ export class ContractPricingService {
     const lineItems: ContractUnitRateLineItem[] = [];
     const baseType = this.baseRateType(contract);
 
+    // Base rail freight is quoted per route (CK_rates_yard_scope) — only rates
+    // on the contract's own lane may price it. Matching without the yard filter
+    // is how a DCT → Sebeta contract froze DCT → GMP (Indode) prices, and the
+    // frozen snapshot then bills bookings that the route-scoped booking lookup
+    // would have hard-blocked (CTR-2026-00065).
+    // ponytail: multi-route contracts price the first lane (same as customs
+    // clearance below); per-lane pricing needs per-route breakdowns.
+    const route = [...(contract.routes ?? [])].sort(
+      (a, b) => a.sortOrder - b.sortOrder,
+    )[0];
+    const onLane = route
+      ? liveRates.filter(
+          (r) =>
+            r.rateType === baseType &&
+            r.currency === 'USD' &&
+            r.originYardId === route.originYardId &&
+            r.destinationYardId === route.destinationYardId,
+        )
+      : [];
+
     if (contract.freightType === 'CONTAINER') {
       const sizes = (contract.cargoScope ?? [])
         .map((c) => c.containerSize)
@@ -97,17 +117,14 @@ export class ContractPricingService {
         const matchedTypes = containerTypes.filter((ct) => ct.sizeFt === sizeFt);
         const matchedIds = new Set(matchedTypes.map((ct) => ct.id));
         const rate =
-          liveRates.find(
-            (r) =>
-              r.rateType === baseType &&
-              r.currency === 'USD' &&
-              r.containerTypeId &&
-              matchedIds.has(r.containerTypeId),
-          ) ??
-          liveRates.find(
-            (r) => r.rateType === baseType && r.currency === 'USD' && !r.containerTypeId,
+          onLane.find(
+            (r) => r.containerTypeId && matchedIds.has(r.containerTypeId),
+          ) ?? onLane.find((r) => !r.containerTypeId);
+        if (!rate || Number(rate.rateValue) <= 0) {
+          throw new UnprocessableEntityException(
+            `No rail freight rate is configured for ${size} containers on this direction and route — the contract cannot be priced. Ask the rates team to set a live ${baseType} rate for this container type and origin → destination.`,
           );
-        if (!rate) continue;
+        }
         lineItems.push({
           code: `CONTAINER_${size.toUpperCase()}`,
           label: `${size} container`,
@@ -120,25 +137,26 @@ export class ContractPricingService {
       const cargoScope = (contract.cargoScope ?? []).find((c) => c.cargoTypeId);
       // Freeze the rate for the contract's own commodity when one is configured
       // — a per-item machinery rate and a per-ton wheat rate live side by side.
-      const bulkRates = liveRates.filter(
-        (r) => r.rateType === baseType && r.currency === 'USD',
-      );
+      // No arbitrary-rate fallback: another commodity's rate must never price
+      // this contract.
       const bulkRate =
         (cargoScope?.cargoTypeId
-          ? bulkRates.find((r) => r.cargoTypeId === cargoScope.cargoTypeId)
+          ? onLane.find((r) => r.cargoTypeId === cargoScope.cargoTypeId)
           : undefined) ??
-        bulkRates.find((r) => !r.cargoTypeId) ??
-        bulkRates[0] ??
+        onLane.find((r) => !r.cargoTypeId) ??
         null;
-      if (bulkRate) {
-        lineItems.push({
-          code: 'BULK_FREIGHT',
-          label: cargoScope?.cargoType?.cargoTypeName ?? 'Bulk cargo',
-          unit: toContractUnit(bulkRate.rateUnit),
-          unitPrice: convert(Number(bulkRate.rateValue)),
-          cargoTypeCode: cargoScope?.cargoType?.code ?? null,
-        });
+      if (!bulkRate || Number(bulkRate.rateValue) <= 0) {
+        throw new UnprocessableEntityException(
+          'No bulk rail freight rate is configured for this cargo type on this direction and route — the contract cannot be priced. Ask the rates team to set a live rate for this commodity and origin → destination.',
+        );
       }
+      lineItems.push({
+        code: 'BULK_FREIGHT',
+        label: cargoScope?.cargoType?.cargoTypeName ?? 'Bulk cargo',
+        unit: toContractUnit(bulkRate.rateUnit),
+        unitPrice: convert(Number(bulkRate.rateValue)),
+        cargoTypeCode: cargoScope?.cargoType?.code ?? null,
+      });
     }
 
     // First / last mile trucking unit rates — shown when the contract carries
@@ -241,9 +259,6 @@ export class ContractPricingService {
       // one display line per contract size that has a configured rate. A size
       // with no rate shows nothing here and hard-blocks at booking time.
       // ponytail: bookings bill the live route rate, not a frozen snapshot.
-      const route = [...(contract.routes ?? [])].sort(
-        (a, b) => a.sortOrder - b.sortOrder,
-      )[0];
       const onLeg = route
         ? liveRates.filter(
             (r) =>
@@ -291,9 +306,6 @@ export class ContractPricingService {
     if (contract.customsClearingEnabled) {
       // Strict, no route-less fallback.
       // ponytail: multi-route contracts bill the first lane's fee; per-lane fees need per-route snapshots.
-      const route = [...(contract.routes ?? [])].sort(
-        (a, b) => a.sortOrder - b.sortOrder,
-      )[0];
       const onLeg = route
         ? liveRates.filter(
             (r) =>
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/payment/payment-client.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/payment/payment-client.service.ts
index 4c2ebe971..81d1a2a0d 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/payment/payment-client.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/payment/payment-client.service.ts
@@ -31,6 +31,24 @@ export class PaymentClientService {
         return this.call("POST", "/payments/initiate", request);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * POST /payments/reconcile — settlement check for a domain order
+     * (reconcile-before-cancel). Live-queries every non-failed intent at the
+     * provider and registers any late capture found (flips it to SUCCEEDED and
+     * emits payment.succeeded). `unverifiable: true` = could not confirm
+     * "not paid" — the caller must NOT cancel/expire the order.
+     */
+    async reconcileReference(
+        referenceType: PaymentReferenceType,
+        referenceId: string,
+    ): Promise<{ paid: boolean; unverifiable: boolean }> {
+        return this.call("POST", "/payments/reconcile", {
+            service: PaymentService.FREIGHT,
+            referenceType,
+            referenceId,
+        });
+    }
+
     /** GET /payments/intents?… — active intent by domain reference; null when none exists. */
     async getIntentByReference(
         referenceType: PaymentReferenceType,
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/payment/payment.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/payment/payment.service.ts
index d96bcf492..6cb359dba 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/payment/payment.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/payment/payment.service.ts
@@ -188,6 +188,30 @@ export class PaymentService {
    * marked paid WITHOUT emitting — the caller (billing) settles inline after it
    * has stored the intent id, avoiding a settle-before-correlation race.
    */
+  /**
+   * Reconcile-before-cancel: ask the payment service whether ANY intent for
+   * this shipment actually settled at the provider (bank/gateway). A late
+   * capture found there is registered as SUCCEEDED and emits payment.succeeded,
+   * which drives the normal paid flow. A network/provider error reports
+   * `unverifiable` — the caller must not expire the order on unknown.
+   */
+  async reconcileShipment(
+    referenceId: string,
+  ): Promise<{ paid: boolean; unverifiable: boolean }> {
+    try {
+      const result = await this.paymentClient.reconcileReference(
+        PaymentReferenceType.SHIPMENT,
+        referenceId,
+      );
+      return { paid: result.paid, unverifiable: result.unverifiable };
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.logger.warn(
+        `Reconcile for shipment ${referenceId} failed: ${(err as Error).message}`,
+      );
+      return { paid: false, unverifiable: true };
+    }
+  }
+
   async initiate(input: InitiateIntentInput): Promise<InitiateIntentResult> {
     try {
 
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/rule-engine/interfaces/yards.repository.interface.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/rule-engine/interfaces/yards.repository.interface.ts
index 75baca5de..104603c6d 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/rule-engine/interfaces/yards.repository.interface.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/rule-engine/interfaces/yards.repository.interface.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { Yard } from '../entities/yard.entity';
 export interface IYardsRepository {
   findById(id: string): Promise<Yard | null>;
   findByCode(code: string): Promise<Yard | null>;
+  findByLabelInsensitive(label: string): Promise<Yard | null>;
   findAll(options?: FindManyOptions<Yard>): Promise<Yard[]>;
   findAndCount(options?: FindManyOptions<Yard>): Promise<[Yard[], number]>;
   findPaged(query: ListYardsQueryDto): Promise<PaginatedResponse<Yard>>;
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/rule-engine/repositories/yards.repository.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/rule-engine/repositories/yards.repository.ts
index 1cb74d9ce..5db5b72ae 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/rule-engine/repositories/yards.repository.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/rule-engine/repositories/yards.repository.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,15 @@ export class YardsRepository implements IYardsRepository {
     return this.repo.findOne({ where: { code } });
   }
 
+  /** Case/whitespace-insensitive label lookup — backs the duplicate-yard guard. */
+  findByLabelInsensitive(label: string): Promise<Yard | null> {
+    return this.repo
+      .createQueryBuilder('yard')
+      .where('LOWER(TRIM(yard.label)) = LOWER(TRIM(:label))', { label })
+      .andWhere('yard.deleted_at IS NULL')
+      .getOne();
+  }
+
   findAll(options?: FindManyOptions<Yard>): Promise<Yard[]> {
     return this.repo.find(options);
   }
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/rule-engine/services/yards.duplicate-label.spec.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/rule-engine/services/yards.duplicate-label.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8affab199
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/rule-engine/services/yards.duplicate-label.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { ConflictException } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+import { YardsService } from './yards.service';
+import type { Yard } from '../entities/yard.entity';
+
+const sebeta = { id: 'yard-1', code: 'LEGACY_DEST', label: 'Sebeta' } as Yard;
+
+const service = (): YardsService =>
+  new YardsService(
+    {
+      findById: async (id: string) => ({ ...sebeta, id }),
+      findByCode: async () => null,
+      findByLabelInsensitive: async (label: string) =>
+        label.trim().toLowerCase() === 'sebeta' ? sebeta : null,
+      create: async (d: Partial<Yard>) => d as Yard,
+      update: async (_id: string, d: Partial<Yard>) => d as Yard,
+    } as never,
+    { resolveCreateOrder: async () => 1 } as never,
+  );
+
+describe('duplicate yard labels are rejected', () => {
+  it('blocks create even when the generated code differs (Sebeta vs LEGACY_DEST)', async () => {
+    await expect(
+      service().create({ label: ' sebeta ', country: 'ET' } as never),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(ConflictException);
+  });
+
+  it('blocks renaming a yard onto another yard label, allows renaming itself', async () => {
+    await expect(
+      service().update('yard-2', { label: 'SEBETA' } as never),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(ConflictException);
+    await expect(
+      service().update('yard-1', { label: 'Sebeta' } as never),
+    ).resolves.toBeTruthy();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/rule-engine/services/yards.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/rule-engine/services/yards.service.ts
index b698b456c..7dd29ded1 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/rule-engine/services/yards.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/rule-engine/services/yards.service.ts
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ export class YardsService {
 
   /** Create a yard. */
   async create(dto: CreateYardDto): Promise<Yard> {
+    // Label check first: the code check alone let "sebeta" in next to "Sebeta"
+    // when the existing yard's code didn't match its label (LEGACY_DEST).
+    await this.assertLabelAvailable(dto.label);
     const code = generateCode(dto.label).slice(0, 40);
     const existing = await this.repository.findByCode(code);
     if (existing) throw new ConflictException(`Yard with label "${dto.label}" conflicts with existing code "${code}"`);
@@ -53,11 +56,20 @@ export class YardsService {
   /** Update a yard. */
   async update(id: string, dto: UpdateYardDto): Promise<Yard> {
     await this.findById(id);
+    if (dto.label !== undefined) await this.assertLabelAvailable(dto.label, id);
     const updated = await this.repository.update(id, dto);
     if (!updated) throw new NotFoundException(`Yard ${id} not found`);
     return updated;
   }
 
+  /** No two active yards may share a label (case/whitespace-insensitive). */
+  private async assertLabelAvailable(label: string, exceptId?: string): Promise<void> {
+    const dupe = await this.repository.findByLabelInsensitive(label);
+    if (dupe && dupe.id !== exceptId) {
+      throw new ConflictException(`A yard named "${dupe.label}" already exists`);
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Soft-delete a yard. The unique `code` (and the label) get a `@<epoch-ms>`
    * suffix first — e.g. SEBETA → SEBETA@1755612345678 — so a new yard with the
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-schedules/entities/train-schedule.entity.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-schedules/entities/train-schedule.entity.ts
index 2b9968f04..0581f6000 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-schedules/entities/train-schedule.entity.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-schedules/entities/train-schedule.entity.ts
@@ -153,6 +153,14 @@ export class TrainSchedule extends BaseEntity {
   @Column({ name: 'rule_reopen_delay_minutes', type: 'int', nullable: true })
   ruleReopenDelayMinutes?: number | null;
 
+  /**
+   * Per-schedule pay-window override (minutes). NULL = use the live global
+   * value for the schedule's direction. Unlike the other rule_* snapshots this
+   * is only written by an explicit staff override, never stamped at creation.
+   */
+  @Column({ name: 'rule_payment_window_minutes', type: 'int', nullable: true })
+  rulePaymentWindowMinutes?: number | null;
+
   @Column({ name: 'rule_import_window_lead_days', type: 'int', nullable: true })
   ruleImportWindowLeadDays?: number | null;
 
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.constants.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.constants.ts
index 62ed50c0a..d43cff60b 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.constants.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.constants.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
 
 export const BATCH_TIMEZONE = 'Africa/Addis_Ababa';
 
+/** How long before the pay deadline the one reminder notification goes out. */
+export const PAYMENT_REMINDER_LEAD_MS = 10 * 60_000;
+
 /** Fallback wagons-per-booking when a booking has no computed `wagonsRequired`. */
 export const DEFAULT_WAGONS_PER_BOOKING = 1;
 
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.service.spec.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.service.spec.ts
index a402e6237..004c28e6b 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.service.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.service.spec.ts
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ describe('BookingBatchService — PAID reconcile', () => {
         windowDurationHours: 3,
         docReviewMinutes: 30,
         paymentWindowMinutes: 60,
+        exportPaymentWindowMinutes: 60,
       }),
     };
 
@@ -150,6 +151,8 @@ describe('BookingBatchService — PAID reconcile', () => {
       {
         issuePayable: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(null),
         expirePayable: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+        // Gateway reconcile-before-expire: default = verifiably unpaid.
+        reconcilePayable: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ paid: false, unverifiable: false }),
       } as never,
       { emitPhase: jest.fn() } as never,
       { computeSubmitPriorityScore: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(0) } as never,
@@ -708,7 +711,13 @@ describe('BookingBatchService — PAID reconcile', () => {
         notifier as never,
         { addTimeout: jest.fn(), deleteTimeout: jest.fn(), doesExist: jest.fn() } as never,
         trainSchedulingService as never,
-        { issuePayable: jest.fn(), expirePayable: jest.fn() } as never,
+        {
+          issuePayable: jest.fn(),
+          expirePayable: jest.fn(),
+          reconcilePayable: jest
+            .fn()
+            .mockResolvedValue({ paid: false, unverifiable: false }),
+        } as never,
         { emitPhase: jest.fn() } as never,
         { computeSubmitPriorityScore: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(0) } as never,
         undefined,
@@ -731,7 +740,13 @@ describe('BookingBatchService — PAID reconcile', () => {
         notifier as never,
         { addTimeout: jest.fn(), deleteTimeout: jest.fn(), doesExist: jest.fn() } as never,
         trainSchedulingService as never,
-        { issuePayable: jest.fn(), expirePayable: jest.fn() } as never,
+        {
+          issuePayable: jest.fn(),
+          expirePayable: jest.fn(),
+          reconcilePayable: jest
+            .fn()
+            .mockResolvedValue({ paid: false, unverifiable: false }),
+        } as never,
         { emitPhase: jest.fn() } as never,
         { computeSubmitPriorityScore: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(0) } as never,
         undefined,
@@ -762,7 +777,13 @@ describe('BookingBatchService — PAID reconcile', () => {
         notifier as never,
         { addTimeout: jest.fn(), deleteTimeout: jest.fn(), doesExist: jest.fn() } as never,
         trainSchedulingService as never,
-        { issuePayable: jest.fn(), expirePayable: jest.fn() } as never,
+        {
+          issuePayable: jest.fn(),
+          expirePayable: jest.fn(),
+          reconcilePayable: jest
+            .fn()
+            .mockResolvedValue({ paid: false, unverifiable: false }),
+        } as never,
         { emitPhase: jest.fn() } as never,
         { computeSubmitPriorityScore: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(0) } as never,
         undefined,
@@ -1015,7 +1036,7 @@ describe('BookingBatchService — PAID reconcile', () => {
         ...(waiting as unknown as Record<string, unknown>),
         status: 'SELECTED_FOR_BATCH',
         trainScheduleId: exportScheduleId,
-        paymentDeadline: new Date(Date.now() - 1_000),
+        paymentDeadline: new Date(Date.now() - 60_000),
         originYardId: 'yard-a',
         destinationYardId: 'yard-b',
         priorityScore: 0,
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.service.ts
index 41c8023f0..37e2e99e8 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-batch.service.ts
@@ -61,11 +61,13 @@ import {
   DEFAULT_CONTAINER_WAGON_LENGTH_METERS,
   DEFAULT_CONTAINER_WAGON_TARE_TONS,
   DEFAULT_WAGONS_PER_BOOKING,
+  PAYMENT_REMINDER_LEAD_MS,
 } from "./booking-batch.constants";
 import {
   LocomotiveLimits,
   WagonTypeDimensions,
   bookingCargoTons,
+  bulkItemWagonsRequired,
   bookingGrossWeightTons,
   deriveTrainCapacityFromLocomotive,
   sizePartialOfferWagons,
@@ -115,6 +117,32 @@ export interface ExportSpaceReport {
   fullMessage: string | null;
 }
 
+/**
+ * One export train the customer can pick for a shipment day: live free-wagon
+ * space measured against THE BOOKING'S allowed wagon types (so the per-type
+ * list doubles as "what cargo this train can take for you"). Unpaid holds
+ * count as taken; lapsed holds free up via the lazy-expiry capacity filter.
+ */
+export interface ExportTrainOption {
+  scheduleId: string;
+  departure: Date;
+  /** Booking cutoff for this train (windowClosesAt), null on legacy rows. */
+  bookingClosesAt: Date | null;
+  /** Whether the export FCFS window is open for booking right now. */
+  isOpen: boolean;
+  /** Best bookable wagons across the booking's allowed types. */
+  freeWagons: number;
+  /** Wagons this booking needs — `fits` = freeWagons >= neededWagons. */
+  neededWagons: number;
+  fits: boolean;
+  byWagonType: Array<{
+    wagonTypeId: string | null;
+    code: string | null;
+    name: string | null;
+    freeWagons: number;
+  }>;
+}
+
 /** A day-level pool key: all trains on this route departing on this EAT day. */
 interface RouteDayGroup {
   originYardId: string;
@@ -663,12 +691,16 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
         { status: TrainScheduleStatusEnum.Scheduled },
       ],
     });
+    // A customer-picked train narrows the scan to that ONE schedule: export
+    // FCFS honors the pick or fails loudly (exportFullMessage names it).
+    const requestedId = booking.requestedTrainScheduleId ?? null;
     const candidates = corridor
       .filter(
         (s) =>
           s.scheduledDepartureDate != null &&
           eatDay(s.scheduledDepartureDate) === day &&
-          this.isFillable(s),
+          this.isFillable(s) &&
+          (!requestedId || s.id === requestedId),
       )
       .sort(
         (a, b) =>
@@ -755,13 +787,18 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
 
   /** Customer-facing "train is full" copy carrying the bookable leftover. */
   private exportFullMessage(booking: Booking, report: ExportSpaceReport): string {
+    const picked = Boolean(booking.requestedTrainScheduleId);
     if (!report.trainsForDay || !report.corridorMatched) {
-      return 'No export train is accepting bookings for this day';
+      return picked
+        ? 'The selected train is no longer accepting bookings — pick another train or day.'
+        : 'No export train is accepting bookings for this day';
     }
     const best = report.bestAvailable;
-    const base =
-      'Not enough train space — an export booking must ride a single train whole, ' +
-      'and no open train on this day can carry it. ';
+    const base = picked
+      ? 'Not enough space left on the selected train — an export booking must ' +
+        'ride one train whole. '
+      : 'Not enough train space — an export booking must ride a single train whole, ' +
+        'and no open train on this day can carry it. ';
     if (!best || best.wagons <= 0) {
       return base + 'No capacity is left on this day — pick another shipment day.';
     }
@@ -864,6 +901,88 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
     return out;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * The export train picker: every export train on the booking's corridor/day
+   * with its live space, measured per allowed wagon type so the customer sees
+   * what each train can still take for THEIR cargo. Includes full/not-yet-open
+   * trains (freeWagons 0 / isOpen false) so the UI can show them disabled —
+   * the request-time gate (exportSpaceReport) stays the enforcement point.
+   */
+  async exportTrainOptionsForDay(
+    booking: Booking,
+    day: string,
+  ): Promise<ExportTrainOption[]> {
+    const corridor = await this.trainSchedulesRepository.findAll({
+      where: [
+        { status: TrainScheduleStatusEnum.Draft },
+        { status: TrainScheduleStatusEnum.Scheduled },
+      ],
+    });
+    const candidates = corridor
+      .filter(
+        (s) =>
+          s.scheduledDepartureDate != null &&
+          eatDay(s.scheduledDepartureDate) === day &&
+          s.direction === 'EXPORT',
+      )
+      .sort(
+        (a, b) =>
+          a.scheduledDepartureDate!.getTime() -
+          b.scheduledDepartureDate!.getTime(),
+      );
+
+    const wagonDims = await this.loadWagonDims();
+    const allowed = this.allowedDimsWithTypes(booking, wagonDims);
+    const neededWagons = this.wagonsFor(booking, wagonDims);
+    const typeIds = allowed
+      .map((a) => a.wagonTypeId)
+      .filter((id): id is string => Boolean(id));
+    const types = typeIds.length
+      ? await this.dataSource
+          .getRepository(WagonType)
+          .find({ where: { id: In(typeIds) } })
+      : [];
+    const typeById = new Map(types.map((t) => [t.id, t]));
+
+    const out: ExportTrainOption[] = [];
+    for (const candidate of candidates) {
+      const schedule = await this.trainSchedulesRepository.findByIdWithFullGraph(
+        candidate.id,
+      );
+      const locomotive = trainSetLocomotiveLimits(schedule?.trainSet);
+      if (!schedule || !locomotive) continue;
+      const limits = await this.capacityLimits(locomotive);
+      const budget = await this.remainingBudget(schedule, limits, wagonDims);
+      const leg = budget.legOf(booking.originYardId, booking.destinationYardId);
+      if (!leg) continue; // this train's route doesn't carry the booking's leg
+      const room = budget.remainingFor(leg);
+      const byWagonType = allowed.map(({ wagonTypeId, dims }) => {
+        const type = wagonTypeId ? typeById.get(wagonTypeId) : undefined;
+        return {
+          wagonTypeId,
+          code: type?.code ?? null,
+          name: type?.name ?? null,
+          freeWagons: this.bookableWithin(room, dims).wagons,
+        };
+      });
+      const freeWagons = byWagonType.reduce(
+        (best, t) => Math.max(best, t.freeWagons),
+        0,
+      );
+      out.push({
+        scheduleId: schedule.id,
+        departure: schedule.scheduledDepartureDate!,
+        bookingClosesAt: schedule.windowClosesAt ?? null,
+        isOpen: this.isFillable(schedule),
+        freeWagons,
+        neededWagons,
+        fits: freeWagons >= neededWagons,
+        byWagonType,
+      });
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Advisory free-wagon count for an IMPORT/DOMESTIC booking on a given day,
    * summed across every train on the booking's corridor that day. Unlike the
@@ -1286,6 +1405,31 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
       (s.scheduleBookings ?? []).map((l) => l.bookingId),
     );
     const bookings = await this.bookingsRepository.findAllBySchedule(s.id);
+    // Under day-level pooling a booking is only pinned to a schedule by
+    // reserve() — until then its train_schedule_id is NULL and the query above
+    // misses it. Merge in the corridor-day candidates so staff see the whole
+    // waiting pool (the 7 that lost the batch), not just the winners. These are
+    // display-only candidates: they are excluded from the capacity meters below.
+    const pinnedIds = new Set(bookings.map((b) => b.id));
+    if (s.scheduledDepartureDate) {
+      try {
+        const stops = await this.stopsForSchedule(s);
+        const candidates =
+          await this.bookingsRepository.findBatchPoolByCorridorDay(
+            stops,
+            eatDay(s.scheduledDepartureDate),
+          );
+        for (const b of candidates) {
+          if (!pinnedIds.has(b.id)) bookings.push(b);
+        }
+      } catch (err) {
+        // The board must still render the pinned bookings.
+        this.logger.warn(
+          `Corridor-day candidate merge failed for schedule ${s.id}: ` +
+            `${(err as Error).message}`,
+        );
+      }
+    }
 
     let allocationPreview: Awaited<
       ReturnType<TrainSchedulingService["previewAllocationForSchedule"]>
@@ -1437,7 +1581,13 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
           maxTrainLengthMeters: Number(loco.maxTrainLengthMeters),
         }
         : null,
-      capacity: this.computeBoardCapacity(items, loco, s.maxWagons ?? null),
+      // Capacity holds come from bookings actually pinned to this train —
+      // unpinned day-pool candidates are shown in the lists but hold nothing.
+      capacity: this.computeBoardCapacity(
+        items.filter((i) => pinnedIds.has(i.id)),
+        loco,
+        s.maxWagons ?? null,
+      ),
       counts: {
         allocated: items.filter((i) => i.state === "ALLOCATED").length,
         selectedForBatch: items.filter((i) => i.state === "SELECTED_FOR_BATCH")
@@ -2176,7 +2326,10 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
     };
     if (!this.fits(offeredNeed, budget)) return null;
 
-    const deadline = new Date(Date.now() + (await this.paymentWindowMs()));
+    const deadline = new Date(
+      Date.now() +
+        (await this.paymentWindowMsFor(await this.scheduleById(scheduleId))),
+    );
     await this.splitService.createOffer(booking, scheduleId, sized, deadline);
     // Reserve like a normal batch selection, but the partial invoice + partial
     // pay-now notification were already produced by createOffer.
@@ -2185,6 +2338,7 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
       status: "SELECTED_FOR_BATCH",
       selectedForBatchAt: new Date(),
       paymentDeadline: deadline,
+      paymentReminderSentAt: null,
     } as never);
     booking.trainScheduleId = scheduleId;
     return offeredNeed;
@@ -2213,6 +2367,8 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
 
     const isPaid = (b: Booking) =>
       b.paymentStatus === "PAID" || b.status === "PAID";
+    // Deadline is the line — no fixed slack. A payment that beat the deadline
+    // but whose webhook is late is caught by expire()'s gateway reconcile.
     const isExpired = (b: Booking) =>
       b.paymentDeadline
         ? b.paymentDeadline.getTime() <= now
@@ -2513,6 +2669,39 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
     this.notifyBoardChanged(newScheduleId, "booking_moved");
   }
 
+  /**
+   * One reminder per hold, shortly before its pay deadline (the window tick
+   * calls this every pass; `payment_reminder_sent_at` dedups). Skips paid
+   * bookings — a landed payment the settle hasn't processed yet needs no nag.
+   */
+  async sendPaymentReminders(): Promise<void> {
+    const now = new Date();
+    const due = await this.dataSource
+      .getRepository(Booking)
+      .createQueryBuilder("b")
+      .leftJoinAndSelect("b.company", "company")
+      .where(`b.status IN ('SELECTED_FOR_BATCH', 'AWAITING_PAYMENT')`)
+      .andWhere(`b.payment_status != 'PAID'`)
+      .andWhere("b.payment_reminder_sent_at IS NULL")
+      .andWhere("b.payment_deadline > :now", { now })
+      .andWhere("b.payment_deadline <= :soon", {
+        soon: new Date(now.getTime() + PAYMENT_REMINDER_LEAD_MS),
+      })
+      .getMany();
+    for (const booking of due) {
+      // Stamp BEFORE sending so a slow notifier can't double-send next tick.
+      await this.bookingsRepository.update(booking.id, {
+        paymentReminderSentAt: new Date(),
+      } as never);
+      if (booking.paymentDeadline) {
+        await this.notifier.payDeadlineApproaching(
+          booking,
+          booking.paymentDeadline,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   /** Staff "expire" override → free a reservation now (booking becomes EXPIRED). */
   async expireReservation(bookingId: string): Promise<void> {
     const booking = await this.dataSource
@@ -2533,6 +2722,52 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Customer cancel of an unpaid hold: the same immediate release as
+   * expireReservation, but the booking ends CANCELLED (the customer chose to
+   * walk away — "payment window missed" copy would be wrong). Consolidated
+   * pairs are rejected by the caller: the shared wagon is both-or-neither.
+   */
+  async cancelReservation(bookingId: string): Promise<void> {
+    const booking = await this.dataSource
+      .getRepository(Booking)
+      .findOne({ where: { id: bookingId } });
+    if (!booking) throw new NotFoundException(`Booking ${bookingId} not found`);
+    const freedScheduleId = booking.trainScheduleId;
+    await this.bookingsRepository.update(booking.id, {
+      trainScheduleId: null,
+      requestedTrainScheduleId: null,
+      status: "CANCELLED",
+      schedulingStatus: "ELIGIBLE",
+      paymentDeadline: null,
+      selectedForBatchAt: null,
+      paymentReminderSentAt: null,
+    } as never);
+    // An unpaid partial offer dies with the hold — same as expire().
+    if (this.splitService) {
+      await this.splitService.expireOpenOffer(booking.id);
+    }
+    await this.billing.expirePayable(
+      Freight.InvoiceSource.Booking,
+      booking.id,
+      "PREPAID",
+    );
+    if (freedScheduleId) {
+      // Same release choreography as expireReservation: reopen a FULL window,
+      // top up from the waiting list, push one board update with final state.
+      await this.refreshWindowStatus(freedScheduleId);
+      const topUpReserved = await this.topUpFill(freedScheduleId);
+      if (topUpReserved > 0) {
+        await this.extendPaymentPhaseForTopUp(freedScheduleId);
+      }
+      this.notifyBoardChanged(freedScheduleId, "reservation_expired");
+    }
+    this.logger.log(
+      `[BATCH] CANCELLED hold ${booking.reference} — customer released the ` +
+        `reservation before paying; wagons freed`,
+    );
+  }
+
   // ---- intercity ride-along API ---------------------------------------------
 
   /**
@@ -2617,14 +2852,14 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
       return;
     }
     const now = new Date();
-    let deadline = new Date(now.getTime() + (await this.paymentWindowMs()));
+    const targetSchedule = await this.scheduleById(scheduleId);
+    let deadline = new Date(
+      now.getTime() + (await this.paymentWindowMsFor(targetSchedule)),
+    );
     // EXPORT parity: pay windows on an export train never outlive its booking
     // window — export bookings expire at close, so anything reserved onto the
     // same train (FCFS export or an intercity ride-along) must too. Import
     // keeps the plain payment window; its cycles re-fill after settle.
-    const targetSchedule = await this.dataSource
-      .getRepository(TrainSchedule)
-      .findOne({ where: { id: scheduleId } });
     if (targetSchedule?.direction === "EXPORT") {
       const cutoff =
         targetSchedule.windowClosesAt ?? targetSchedule.scheduledDepartureDate;
@@ -2642,6 +2877,7 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
       status: "SELECTED_FOR_BATCH",
       selectedForBatchAt: now,
       paymentDeadline: deadline,
+      paymentReminderSentAt: null,
     } as never);
     booking.trainScheduleId = scheduleId;
     // The invoice was generated DRAFT at booking creation / operation-accept,
@@ -2825,14 +3061,42 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
         }
         return;
       }
+      // Reconcile-before-expire (only when a pay window was actually open):
+      // no webhook arrived, so ask the gateway DIRECTLY whether the money
+      // landed. A late capture found there is registered as SUCCEEDED and
+      // emits payment.succeeded — that event marks the booking PAID and
+      // allocates it, so we just leave the hold alone here. `unverifiable`
+      // (provider query errored / payment still in flight) means we could not
+      // confirm "not paid" — never expire on unknown; the next settle tick
+      // asks again.
+      if (reason === "payment" && (fresh?.paymentDeadline ?? booking.paymentDeadline)) {
+        const reconcile = await this.billing.reconcilePayable(booking.id);
+        if (reconcile.paid) {
+          this.logger.log(
+            `[BATCH] expire skipped for ${booking.reference} — gateway ` +
+              `reconcile found a settled payment; payment.succeeded will allocate it`,
+          );
+          return;
+        }
+        if (reconcile.unverifiable) {
+          this.logger.warn(
+            `[BATCH] expire deferred for ${booking.reference} — settlement ` +
+              `unverifiable at the gateway; retrying next settle tick`,
+          );
+          return;
+        }
+      }
     }
     const freedScheduleId = booking.trainScheduleId;
     await this.bookingsRepository.update(booking.id, {
       trainScheduleId: null,
+      // The customer's train pick died with the hold — a rebook re-picks.
+      requestedTrainScheduleId: null,
       status: "EXPIRED",
       schedulingStatus: "ELIGIBLE",
       paymentDeadline: null,
       selectedForBatchAt: null,
+      paymentReminderSentAt: null,
     } as never);
     booking.trainScheduleId = null;
     // The wagons this reservation held are back — a schedule parked at FULL
@@ -3375,7 +3639,11 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
     const byWeight =
       cargoTons > 0 && capacityTons > 0 ? Math.ceil(cargoTons / capacityTons) : 0;
 
-    return Math.max(DEFAULT_WAGONS_PER_BOOKING, stored, byLength, byWeight);
+    // Break-bulk (PER_ITEM): indivisible items can need more wagons than raw
+    // tonnage suggests (floor items-per-wagon loses the fractional capacity).
+    const byItems = bulkItemWagonsRequired(booking, capacityTons);
+
+    return Math.max(DEFAULT_WAGONS_PER_BOOKING, stored, byLength, byWeight, byItems);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -3571,6 +3839,18 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
    * representative dims when no allowed type is configured.
    */
   private dimsForAllowed(booking: Booking, wagonDims: WagonDims): PerWagonDims[] {
+    return this.allowedDimsWithTypes(booking, wagonDims).map((p) => p.dims);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Same allowed set as {@link dimsForAllowed} but keeping each wagon-type id,
+   * so callers (the export train picker) can label per-type availability.
+   * `wagonTypeId` is null only on the unconfigured fallback entry.
+   */
+  private allowedDimsWithTypes(
+    booking: Booking,
+    wagonDims: WagonDims,
+  ): Array<{ wagonTypeId: string | null; dims: PerWagonDims }> {
     const fallback =
       booking.freightType === "BULK" ? wagonDims.bulk : wagonDims.container;
     const ids =
@@ -3580,19 +3860,23 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
             .flatMap((line) => line.containerType?.wagonTypes ?? [])
             .map((wt) => wt.id);
     const seen = new Set<string>();
-    const dims: PerWagonDims[] = [];
+    const out: Array<{ wagonTypeId: string | null; dims: PerWagonDims }> = [];
     for (const id of ids) {
       if (!id || seen.has(id)) continue;
       seen.add(id);
       const d = wagonDims.byWagonTypeId.get(id);
       if (d) {
-        dims.push({
-          ...d,
-          capacityTons: d.capacityTons > 0 ? d.capacityTons : fallback.capacityTons,
+        out.push({
+          wagonTypeId: id,
+          dims: {
+            ...d,
+            capacityTons:
+              d.capacityTons > 0 ? d.capacityTons : fallback.capacityTons,
+          },
         });
       }
     }
-    return dims.length ? dims : [fallback];
+    return out.length ? out : [{ wagonTypeId: null, dims: fallback }];
   }
 
   /**
@@ -3777,8 +4061,20 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
     const allocated = (schedule.scheduleBookings ?? [])
       .map((sb) => sb.booking)
       .filter((b): b is Booking => Boolean(b));
-    const reserved = await this.bookingsRepository.findReservedForSchedule(
-      schedule.id,
+    // Lazy-expiry guard: a hold whose deadline lapsed no longer blocks
+    // capacity, even before the 10s sweep flips it to EXPIRED — availability
+    // shown to the next customer is honest between ticks. A late capture the
+    // gateway reconcile later confirms lands as PAID and, if the wagons went
+    // meanwhile, degrades to WAITING_FOR_WAGON for manual placement.
+    const deadlineCutoff = Date.now();
+    const reserved = (
+      await this.bookingsRepository.findReservedForSchedule(schedule.id)
+    ).filter(
+      (b) =>
+        b.paymentStatus === "PAID" ||
+        b.status === "PAID" ||
+        b.paymentDeadline == null ||
+        b.paymentDeadline.getTime() > deadlineCutoff,
     );
     for (const b of [...allocated, ...reserved]) {
       budget.subtract(
@@ -4058,10 +4354,33 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
 
   // ---- timer plumbing -------------------------------------------------------
 
-  /** Configured customer pay window in ms (global rules, with defaults). */
-  private async paymentWindowMs(): Promise<number> {
+  /**
+   * Effective customer pay window in ms for a target schedule: the staff
+   * per-schedule override wins, else the global value for the schedule's
+   * direction (export and import pay windows are tuned independently).
+   * No schedule (unknown target) falls back to the import global.
+   */
+  private async paymentWindowMsFor(
+    schedule?: Pick<
+      TrainSchedule,
+      "direction" | "rulePaymentWindowMinutes"
+    > | null,
+  ): Promise<number> {
+    if (schedule?.rulePaymentWindowMinutes != null) {
+      return schedule.rulePaymentWindowMinutes * 60_000;
+    }
     const cfg = await this.trainSchedulingService.getWindowConfig();
-    return cfg.paymentWindowMinutes * 60_000;
+    const minutes =
+      schedule?.direction === "EXPORT"
+        ? cfg.exportPaymentWindowMinutes
+        : cfg.paymentWindowMinutes;
+    return minutes * 60_000;
+  }
+
+  private scheduleById(id: string): Promise<TrainSchedule | null> {
+    return this.dataSource
+      .getRepository(TrainSchedule)
+      .findOne({ where: { id } });
   }
 
   private timeoutName(scheduleId: string): string {
@@ -4073,8 +4392,9 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
    * engine's minute tick calling settleDueReservations off `paymentDeadline`.
    */
   private armSettle(scheduleId: string): void {
-    void this.paymentWindowMs()
-      .then((delayMs) => {
+    void this.scheduleById(scheduleId)
+      .then((schedule) => this.paymentWindowMsFor(schedule))
+      .then((delayMs: number) => {
         this.removeTimeout(scheduleId);
         const handle = setTimeout(() => {
           void this.settleBatch(scheduleId).catch((err) =>
@@ -4107,7 +4427,7 @@ export class BookingBatchService implements OnModuleInit {
       .getRepository(TrainSchedule)
       .findOne({ where: { id: scheduleId } });
     if (!schedule || schedule.windowPhase !== "PAYMENT") return;
-    const windowMs = await this.paymentWindowMs();
+    const windowMs = await this.paymentWindowMsFor(schedule);
     let target = new Date(Date.now() + windowMs);
     if (
       schedule.scheduledDepartureDate &&
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-notifier.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-notifier.service.ts
index e17445b4d..b806de5ca 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-notifier.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-notifier.service.ts
@@ -137,6 +137,25 @@ export class BookingNotifierService {
     });
   }
 
+  /** One warning shortly before the pay window closes (sent once per hold). */
+  async payDeadlineApproaching(b: Booking, deadline: Date): Promise<void> {
+    const minutesLeft = Math.max(
+      1,
+      Math.round((deadline.getTime() - Date.now()) / 60_000),
+    );
+    const eat = deadline.toLocaleString('en-GB', { timeZone: 'Africa/Addis_Ababa' });
+    const msg =
+      `Payment reminder: about ${minutesLeft} minute${minutesLeft === 1 ? '' : 's'} left ` +
+      `to pay for booking ${b.reference ?? b.id}. Deadline: ${eat} EAT — ` +
+      `unpaid reservations are released and the wagons go back on sale.`;
+    await this.notifyContact(b, msg, 'PAY REMINDER');
+    // HIGH: minutes from losing the reserved wagons — must reach SMS/email.
+    this.inApp(b, 'Payment deadline approaching', msg, {
+      type: NotificationType.INVOICE_ISSUED,
+      priority: NotificationPriority.HIGH,
+    });
+  }
+
   /**
    * Partial-capacity offer: only `offeredWagons` of the booking's `totalWagons` fit
    * this train. Paying accepts the split; letting the deadline pass keeps the
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-split.service.spec.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-split.service.spec.ts
index fc47d8a70..50cba543f 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-split.service.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-split.service.spec.ts
@@ -72,7 +72,12 @@ describe('BookingSplitService — applySplit split marking', () => {
       dataSource as never,
       {} as never,
       {} as never,
-      { expirePayable: jest.fn() } as never,
+      {
+        expirePayable: jest.fn(),
+        reconcilePayable: jest
+          .fn()
+          .mockResolvedValue({ paid: false, unverifiable: false }),
+      } as never,
       { payNowPartial: jest.fn() } as never,
     );
     return { service, bookingRepo, contractRepo };
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.config.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.config.ts
index 617d83561..74e9a0bff 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.config.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.config.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@ export interface BookingWindowConfig {
   windowDurationHours: number;
   /** Max staff document-review time after the window closes. */
   docReviewMinutes: number;
+  /** Pay window for IMPORT/DOMESTIC bookings (also part of the reopen gap). */
   paymentWindowMinutes: number;
+  /** Pay window for EXPORT bookings — independent of the import value. */
+  exportPaymentWindowMinutes: number;
   /**
    * Minutes before departure the IMPORT/DOMESTIC booking window shuts. When set
    * (> 0), the effective booking cutoff is `departure − this`, capping the first
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.service.spec.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.service.spec.ts
index 79b279393..9dff62261 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.service.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.service.spec.ts
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ describe('BookingWindowService — window state machine', () => {
     windowDurationHours: 1,
     docReviewMinutes: 30,
     paymentWindowMinutes: 60,
+    exportPaymentWindowMinutes: 60,
   };
 
   const baseSchedule = (over: Partial<TrainSchedule>): TrainSchedule =>
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.service.ts
index 5ae751164..6cdef8c05 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/booking-window.service.ts
@@ -141,6 +141,13 @@ export class BookingWindowService implements OnModuleInit {
 
       await this.settleOverdueReservations();
 
+      // One pre-deadline pay reminder per hold (deduped via reminder stamp).
+      await this.bookingBatchService.sendPaymentReminders().catch((err) =>
+        this.logger.warn(
+          `Payment reminder sweep failed: ${(err as Error).message}`,
+        ),
+      );
+
       // Legacy fill (DOMESTIC / pre-migration schedules) every 5 minutes
       // (30 ticks at the 10-second cadence).
       this.tickCount += 1;
@@ -595,6 +602,8 @@ export class BookingWindowService implements OnModuleInit {
       .createQueryBuilder('b')
       .select('DISTINCT b.train_schedule_id', 'scheduleId')
       .where(`b.status IN ('SELECTED_FOR_BATCH', 'AWAITING_PAYMENT')`)
+      // Deadline is the line — expire() itself reconciles against the gateway
+      // before actually expiring, so a late in-window payment is still caught.
       .andWhere('b.payment_deadline <= now()')
       .andWhere('b.train_schedule_id IS NOT NULL')
       .getRawMany<{ scheduleId: string }>();
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/dto/update-train-scheduling-global-rules.dto.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/dto/update-train-scheduling-global-rules.dto.ts
index b10736f0f..74aba1383 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/dto/update-train-scheduling-global-rules.dto.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/dto/update-train-scheduling-global-rules.dto.ts
@@ -61,13 +61,20 @@ export class UpdateTrainSchedulingGlobalRulesDto {
   @Min(0)
   docReviewMinutes?: number;
 
-  @ApiPropertyOptional({ example: 60 })
+  @ApiPropertyOptional({ example: 60, description: 'IMPORT/DOMESTIC customer pay window, minutes' })
   @IsOptional()
   @Type(() => Number)
   @IsInt()
   @Min(1)
   paymentWindowMinutes?: number;
 
+  @ApiPropertyOptional({ example: 60, description: 'EXPORT customer pay window, minutes' })
+  @IsOptional()
+  @Type(() => Number)
+  @IsInt()
+  @Min(1)
+  exportPaymentWindowMinutes?: number;
+
   // Booking-close offsets: minutes before departure the window shuts. The UI
   // enters days/hours/minutes and converts to minutes. 0 or null clears the
   // offset (close at departure). Nullable so it can be explicitly cleared.
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/entities/train-scheduling-global-rules.entity.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/entities/train-scheduling-global-rules.entity.ts
index caa3ce24f..94882833b 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/entities/train-scheduling-global-rules.entity.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/entities/train-scheduling-global-rules.entity.ts
@@ -77,9 +77,14 @@ export class TrainSchedulingGlobalRules extends BaseEntity {
   @Column({ name: 'doc_review_minutes', type: 'int', default: 30 })
   docReviewMinutes!: number;
 
+  /** Pay window for IMPORT/DOMESTIC bookings (also feeds the window reopen delay). */
   @Column({ name: 'payment_window_minutes', type: 'int', default: 60 })
   paymentWindowMinutes!: number;
 
+  /** Pay window for EXPORT bookings — tunable independently of import. */
+  @Column({ name: 'export_payment_window_minutes', type: 'int', default: 60 })
+  exportPaymentWindowMinutes!: number;
+
   /**
    * Minutes before departure the IMPORT/DOMESTIC booking window shuts. When set,
    * the window's close (first cycle and every reopen) is capped at
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/fleet-plan.util.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/fleet-plan.util.ts
index cacffaba4..631078ef6 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/fleet-plan.util.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/fleet-plan.util.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { bookingCargoTons } from './train-capacity.util';
+import { bookingCargoTons, bulkItemWagonsRequired } from './train-capacity.util';
 import type { Booking } from '../bookings/entities/booking.entity';
 import type { WagonType } from '../wagon-types/entities/wagon-type.entity';
 import {
@@ -51,8 +51,12 @@ export function sortBookingsForScheduling(bookings: Booking[]): Booking[] {
 
 export function wagonsRequiredForBooking(booking: Booking, bulkWagonCapacity?: number): number {
   if (booking.freightType === 'BULK') {
-    const weight = Number(booking.cargoTotalWeightVgm ?? 0);
     const capacity = bulkWagonCapacity && bulkWagonCapacity > 0 ? bulkWagonCapacity : 1;
+    // Break-bulk (PER_ITEM) sizes by indivisible items; `cargoTotalWeightVgm`
+    // holds the item count there, not tons.
+    const byItems = bulkItemWagonsRequired(booking, capacity);
+    if (byItems > 0) return byItems;
+    const weight = Number(booking.cargoTotalWeightVgm ?? 0);
     return Math.max(1, Math.ceil(weight / capacity));
   }
 
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/train-capacity.util.spec.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/train-capacity.util.spec.ts
index 0b8d4ad05..fd5fe05ed 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/train-capacity.util.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/train-capacity.util.spec.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import {
+  bookingCargoTons,
   bookingGrossWeightTons,
   bookingTrainLengthMeters,
+  bulkItemWagonsRequired,
   consistUsage,
   consistViolations,
   deriveTrainCapacityFromLocomotive,
@@ -30,6 +32,66 @@ describe('train-capacity.util', () => {
       cargoTons,
     }));
 
+  describe('bulkItemWagonsRequired (break-bulk PER_ITEM)', () => {
+    // cargoTotalWeightVgm carries the ITEM COUNT for PER_ITEM cargo; the real
+    // tonnage rides in bulkTotalWeightTons.
+    const breakBulk = (quantity: number, weightTons: number) => ({
+      freightType: 'BULK',
+      cargoTotalWeightVgm: quantity,
+      bulkTotalWeightTons: weightTons,
+    });
+
+    it('floors items per wagon, then ceils wagons: 400 items / 800T on 69T wagons → 12', () => {
+      // 800/400 = 2T per item; floor(69/2) = 34 per wagon; ceil(400/34) = 12.
+      expect(bulkItemWagonsRequired(breakBulk(400, 800), 69)).toBe(12);
+    });
+
+    it('needs more wagons than raw tonnage suggests when the floor loses capacity', () => {
+      // 3 items × 40T on 69T wagons: by weight ceil(120/69) = 2, but only ONE
+      // whole 40T item fits a wagon → 3 wagons.
+      expect(bulkItemWagonsRequired(breakBulk(3, 120), 69)).toBe(3);
+    });
+
+    it('charges one wagon per item when a single item outweighs a wagon', () => {
+      expect(bulkItemWagonsRequired(breakBulk(2, 200), 69)).toBe(2);
+    });
+
+    it('returns 0 for PER_TON bulk (no stored weight) and container bookings', () => {
+      expect(
+        bulkItemWagonsRequired(
+          { freightType: 'BULK', cargoTotalWeightVgm: 500, bulkTotalWeightTons: null },
+          69,
+        ),
+      ).toBe(0);
+      expect(
+        bulkItemWagonsRequired(
+          { freightType: 'CONTAINER', cargoTotalWeightVgm: 100, bulkTotalWeightTons: 100 },
+          69,
+        ),
+      ).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('returns 0 on zero/invalid capacity or amounts', () => {
+      expect(bulkItemWagonsRequired(breakBulk(400, 800), 0)).toBe(0);
+      expect(bulkItemWagonsRequired(breakBulk(0, 800), 69)).toBe(0);
+      expect(bulkItemWagonsRequired(breakBulk(400, 0), 69)).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('bookingCargoTons (break-bulk weight preference)', () => {
+    it('prefers bulkTotalWeightTons over the item-count VGM column', () => {
+      expect(
+        bookingCargoTons({ cargoTotalWeightVgm: 400, bulkTotalWeightTons: 800 }),
+      ).toBe(800);
+    });
+
+    it('falls back to cargoTotalWeightVgm when no break-bulk weight is stored', () => {
+      expect(
+        bookingCargoTons({ cargoTotalWeightVgm: 500, bulkTotalWeightTons: null }),
+      ).toBe(500);
+    });
+  });
+
   describe('deriveTrainCapacityFromLocomotive', () => {
     it('derives wagon slots from train length, not a fixed 53', () => {
       const shortLoco = deriveTrainCapacityFromLocomotive(
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/train-capacity.util.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/train-capacity.util.ts
index 7f9586c3c..061dc0dbd 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/train-capacity.util.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/train-capacity.util.ts
@@ -91,14 +91,21 @@ function num(value: unknown, fallback = 0): number {
  * its container lines (quantity × VGM per unit). The portal's container flow
  * stores per-line VGM and leaves `cargoTotalWeightVgm` at 0 — reading the
  * total alone made every such booking weigh only its tare.
+ *
+ * Break-bulk (PER_ITEM) bookings overload `cargoTotalWeightVgm` with the ITEM
+ * COUNT, so their real tonnage lives in `bulkTotalWeightTons` — prefer it, or
+ * a 400-item / 800T booking would "weigh" 400T against the pull limit.
  */
 export function bookingCargoTons(booking: {
   cargoTotalWeightVgm?: number | string | null;
+  bulkTotalWeightTons?: number | string | null;
   bookingContainers?: Array<{
     quantity?: number | null;
     vgmPerUnitTons?: number | string | null;
   }> | null;
 }): number {
+  const itemTons = num(booking.bulkTotalWeightTons);
+  if (itemTons > 0) return itemTons;
   const total = num(booking.cargoTotalWeightVgm);
   if (total > 0) return total;
   return (booking.bookingContainers ?? []).reduce(
@@ -107,6 +114,32 @@ export function bookingCargoTons(booking: {
   );
 }
 
+/**
+ * Wagons a break-bulk (PER_ITEM) bulk booking needs. Items are indivisible, so
+ * floor how many whole items fit one wagon, then ceil the wagon count:
+ * 400 items / 800T on 69T wagons → 2T per item → 34 items per wagon → 12 wagons.
+ * Returns 0 when the booking is not item-counted (PER_TON bulk, containers) —
+ * callers then fall back to the pooled-tonnage math.
+ */
+export function bulkItemWagonsRequired(
+  booking: {
+    freightType?: string | null;
+    cargoTotalWeightVgm?: number | string | null;
+    bulkTotalWeightTons?: number | string | null;
+  },
+  capacityTons: number,
+): number {
+  if (booking.freightType !== 'BULK' || !(capacityTons > 0)) return 0;
+  const quantity = num(booking.cargoTotalWeightVgm);
+  const totalWeightTons = num(booking.bulkTotalWeightTons);
+  if (!(quantity > 0) || !(totalWeightTons > 0)) return 0;
+  const perItemTons = totalWeightTons / quantity;
+  // ponytail: an item heavier than a whole wagon still charges 1 wagon per
+  // item; reject such bookings at creation time if the case turns real.
+  const itemsPerWagon = Math.max(1, Math.floor(capacityTons / perItemTons));
+  return Math.max(1, Math.ceil(quantity / itemsPerWagon));
+}
+
 /** Gross weight of one loaded wagon: it hauls itself plus its cargo. */
 export function grossWagonWeightTons(slot: Pick<ConsistSlot, 'tareWeightTons' | 'cargoTons'>): number {
   return num(slot.tareWeightTons) + num(slot.cargoTons);
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/train-scheduling.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/train-scheduling.service.ts
index d75eadc4a..658ea7c78 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/train-scheduling.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/train-scheduling.service.ts
@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ export function effectiveWindowConfig(
     ruleWindowCloseHour?: number | null;
     ruleWindowDurationHours?: number | null;
     ruleReopenDelayMinutes?: number | null;
+    rulePaymentWindowMinutes?: number | null;
     ruleImportWindowLeadDays?: number | null;
     ruleExportBookingLeadHours?: number | null;
     ruleImportCloseOffsetMinutes?: number | null;
@@ -232,7 +233,14 @@ export function effectiveWindowConfig(
         ? Number(schedule.ruleWindowDurationHours)
         : liveCfg.windowDurationHours,
     docReviewMinutes: liveCfg.docReviewMinutes,
-    paymentWindowMinutes: liveCfg.paymentWindowMinutes,
+    // Pay windows read live values unless staff explicitly overrode this ONE
+    // schedule (rule_payment_window_minutes is only ever written by that
+    // override, never stamped at creation). The override wins for whichever
+    // direction the schedule runs.
+    paymentWindowMinutes:
+      schedule.rulePaymentWindowMinutes ?? liveCfg.paymentWindowMinutes,
+    exportPaymentWindowMinutes:
+      schedule.rulePaymentWindowMinutes ?? liveCfg.exportPaymentWindowMinutes,
     // The close offset is frozen per-schedule: a snapshot value of null means
     // "created with no offset" and must NOT inherit a later live offset (that
     // would retro-shrink an open train's window). Only a truly legacy row that
@@ -696,6 +704,8 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
     if (dto.windowDurationHours != null) row.windowDurationHours = dto.windowDurationHours;
     if (dto.docReviewMinutes != null) row.docReviewMinutes = dto.docReviewMinutes;
     if (dto.paymentWindowMinutes != null) row.paymentWindowMinutes = dto.paymentWindowMinutes;
+    if (dto.exportPaymentWindowMinutes != null)
+      row.exportPaymentWindowMinutes = dto.exportPaymentWindowMinutes;
     // Store 0 as null so "no offset" is a single canonical value.
     if (dto.importCloseOffsetMinutes !== undefined)
       row.importCloseOffsetMinutes = dto.importCloseOffsetMinutes || null;
@@ -790,7 +800,14 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
       // The reopen gap is doc review + payment; keep the config values unless the
       // override changes them, so the derived snapshot delay stays consistent.
       docReviewMinutes: dto.docReviewMinutes ?? liveCfg.docReviewMinutes,
-      paymentWindowMinutes: dto.paymentWindowMinutes ?? liveCfg.paymentWindowMinutes,
+      paymentWindowMinutes:
+        dto.paymentWindowMinutes ??
+        schedule.rulePaymentWindowMinutes ??
+        liveCfg.paymentWindowMinutes,
+      exportPaymentWindowMinutes:
+        dto.paymentWindowMinutes ??
+        schedule.rulePaymentWindowMinutes ??
+        liveCfg.exportPaymentWindowMinutes,
       // A per-schedule override isn't a close-offset control, so inherit the
       // offset already frozen on the schedule (null = none), or the live one for
       // legacy rows — the override must not silently drop the global offset.
@@ -853,11 +870,17 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
       }
     }
 
+    // The pay-window override persists only when staff actually sent it (or the
+    // schedule already had one) — windowRuleSnapshot never stamps it, so NULL
+    // keeps meaning "follow the live global value for my direction".
+    const rulePaymentWindowMinutes =
+      dto.paymentWindowMinutes ?? schedule.rulePaymentWindowMinutes ?? null;
     for (const t of targets) {
       await repo.update(t.id, {
         windowOpensAt: cap(times.windowOpensAt, t.departure),
         windowClosesAt: cap(times.windowClosesAt, t.departure),
         ...ruleFields,
+        rulePaymentWindowMinutes,
       });
     }
     this.logger.log(
@@ -1199,6 +1222,7 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
       windowDurationHours: num(row?.windowDurationHours, 3),
       docReviewMinutes: num(row?.docReviewMinutes, 30),
       paymentWindowMinutes: num(row?.paymentWindowMinutes, 60),
+      exportPaymentWindowMinutes: num(row?.exportPaymentWindowMinutes, 60),
       importCloseOffsetMinutes: offset(row?.importCloseOffsetMinutes),
       exportCloseOffsetMinutes: offset(row?.exportCloseOffsetMinutes),
     };
@@ -1931,8 +1955,14 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
       removedAt: new Date(),
     });
 
-    console.log(
-      `[NOTIFY] Booking ${bookingReference} removed from schedule ${scheduleId} by user ${userId ?? 'unknown'} — customer should be notified to reschedule or cancel.`,
+    // Ops decision, so the customer hears about it: SMS/email + inbox telling
+    // them to rebook or pick a new schedule (the removal log above is the record).
+    const removedBooking = await this.dataSource
+      .getRepository(Booking)
+      .findOne({ where: { id: bookingId }, relations: { company: true } });
+    if (removedBooking) this.bookingNotifier.removedFromTrain(removedBooking);
+    this.logger.log(
+      `Booking ${bookingReference} removed from schedule ${scheduleId} by user ${userId ?? 'unknown'} — customer notified to reschedule or cancel.`,
     );
 
     return this.getTrainScheduleById(scheduleId);
@@ -6845,7 +6875,14 @@ export class TrainSchedulingService {
         importWindowLeadDays: schedule.ruleImportWindowLeadDays ?? null,
         exportBookingLeadHours: schedule.ruleExportBookingLeadHours ?? null,
         docReviewMinutes: windowCfg.docReviewMinutes,
-        paymentWindowMinutes: windowCfg.paymentWindowMinutes,
+        // Editor prefill: this schedule's own override when staff set one,
+        // else the live global for the schedule's direction (import/export
+        // pay windows are tuned separately).
+        paymentWindowMinutes:
+          schedule.rulePaymentWindowMinutes ??
+          (schedule.direction === 'EXPORT'
+            ? windowCfg.exportPaymentWindowMinutes
+            : windowCfg.paymentWindowMinutes),
       },
       route: schedule.route
         ? { id: schedule.route.id, name: formatRouteLabel(schedule.route) }
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/wagon-plan.util.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/wagon-plan.util.ts
index 84a2dc1f5..eadd0b471 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/wagon-plan.util.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/train-scheduling/wagon-plan.util.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { AllocationLoadType } from '@edr/types';
 import { Booking } from '../bookings/entities/booking.entity';
 import { containersPerWagonForSize, wagonsPerUnitForSize } from '../rule-engine/container-type.util';
 import { WagonType } from '../wagon-types/entities/wagon-type.entity';
-import { consistViolations } from './train-capacity.util';
+import { bookingCargoTons, bulkItemWagonsRequired, consistViolations } from './train-capacity.util';
 
 export const MAX_TRAIN_WEIGHT_TONS = 3500;
 export const MAX_TRAIN_LENGTH_METERS = 760;
@@ -171,11 +171,21 @@ export function buildBulkWagonPlan(
   bookings: Booking[],
   wagonType: WagonType,
 ): WagonPlanSlot[] {
-  const totalWeight = roundTons(
-    bookings.reduce((sum, b) => sum + Number(b.cargoTotalWeightVgm ?? 0), 0),
-  );
   const capacity = Number(wagonType.capacityTons);
-  const slots = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(totalWeight / capacity));
+  // Break-bulk (PER_ITEM) bookings size by indivisible items per booking —
+  // their tonnage must NOT pool with PER_TON cargo (an item can't split
+  // across wagons the way loose tonnage can).
+  const itemSlotsByBooking = bookings.map((b) => bulkItemWagonsRequired(b, capacity));
+  const itemSlots = itemSlotsByBooking.reduce((sum, n) => sum + n, 0);
+  const totalWeight = roundTons(
+    bookings.reduce(
+      (sum, b, i) =>
+        itemSlotsByBooking[i] > 0 ? sum : sum + Number(b.cargoTotalWeightVgm ?? 0),
+      0,
+    ),
+  );
+  const tonSlots = totalWeight > 0 ? Math.ceil(totalWeight / capacity) : 0;
+  const slots = Math.max(1, tonSlots + itemSlots);
 
   const basePlan: WagonPlanSlot[] = Array.from({ length: slots }, (_, index) => ({
     sequenceNo: index + 1,
@@ -293,7 +303,9 @@ function allocateBookingsToSlots(
   const remaining = bookings.map((booking) => ({
     bookingId: booking.id,
     bookingReference: booking.reference,
-    remainingWeightTons: roundTons(Number(booking.cargoTotalWeightVgm ?? 0)),
+    // bookingCargoTons, not the raw VGM column: for break-bulk (PER_ITEM)
+    // bookings that column is an item COUNT, not tons.
+    remainingWeightTons: roundTons(bookingCargoTons(booking)),
   }));
 
   let bookingIndex = 0;
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/trains/dto/build-train.dto.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/trains/dto/build-train.dto.ts
index 54322c789..0c9415e42 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/trains/dto/build-train.dto.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/trains/dto/build-train.dto.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { ApiProperty, ApiPropertyOptional } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import {
   ArrayMinSize,
   IsArray,
+  IsNotEmpty,
   IsOptional,
   IsString,
   IsUUID,
@@ -50,11 +51,11 @@ export class BuildTrainDto {
   @IsUUID('all', { each: true })
   wagonIds?: string[];
 
-  @ApiPropertyOptional({ maxLength: 100 })
-  @IsOptional()
+  @ApiProperty({ maxLength: 100, description: 'Vogue number' })
   @IsString()
+  @IsNotEmpty({ message: 'Vogue number is required' })
   @MaxLength(100)
-  trainName?: string;
+  trainName!: string;
 
   @ApiPropertyOptional()
   @IsOptional()
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/wagons/entities/wagon.entity.ts b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/wagons/entities/wagon.entity.ts
index 7bfb59e1d..28789b8e5 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/wagons/entities/wagon.entity.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-api/src/modules/wagons/entities/wagon.entity.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ export const WAGON_STATUSES = [
   WagonStatus.ExportReady,
   WagonStatus.Maintenance,
   WagonStatus.Detained,
+  WagonStatus.OutOfService,
 ] as const;
 
 export type WagonStatusType = (typeof WAGON_STATUSES)[number];
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainBuilder/BuildTrainModal.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainBuilder/BuildTrainModal.tsx
index 99c7e6ef0..21033e7fe 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainBuilder/BuildTrainModal.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainBuilder/BuildTrainModal.tsx
@@ -86,6 +86,13 @@ export default function BuildTrainModal({ opened, onClose, onBuilt }: BuildTrain
   }, [opened]);
 
   const handleBuild = async () => {
+    if (!trainName.trim()) {
+      toast({
+        title: "Enter the vogue number",
+        variant: "destructive",
+      });
+      return;
+    }
     if (!yardId || locomotiveIds.length < 1) {
       toast({
         title: "Pick a yard and couple at least one locomotive",
@@ -108,7 +115,7 @@ export default function BuildTrainModal({ opened, onClose, onBuilt }: BuildTrain
         importTrainNumber: importTrainNumber.trim(),
         currentYardId: yardId,
         locomotiveIds,
-        ...(trainName.trim() ? { trainName: trainName.trim() } : {}),
+        trainName: trainName.trim(),
         ...(notes.trim() ? { notes: notes.trim() } : {}),
       });
       toast({ title: `Train ${composition.code} built` });
@@ -143,11 +150,12 @@ export default function BuildTrainModal({ opened, onClose, onBuilt }: BuildTrain
           wagons are attached on the next screen.
         </Text>
         <TextInput
-          label="Name (optional)"
-          placeholder="e.g. Fertilizer block"
+          label="Vogue number"
+          placeholder="Enter vogue number"
           value={trainName}
           onChange={(e) => setTrainName(e.currentTarget.value)}
           maxLength={100}
+          required
         />
         <Group grow>
           {/* Fixed by the import run — derived, never typed. */}
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainScheduling/BookingWindowSettingsModal.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainScheduling/BookingWindowSettingsModal.tsx
index c1232fbba..d09bce567 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainScheduling/BookingWindowSettingsModal.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/components/trainScheduling/BookingWindowSettingsModal.tsx
@@ -363,14 +363,17 @@ export default function BookingWindowSettingsModal({
                 />
                 <DurationField
                   label="Payment window"
-                  description="Time a selected customer has to pay"
+                  description={
+                    isExport
+                      ? "Time an export customer has to pay before the reserved wagons are released — overrides the global export payment window for THIS train only"
+                      : "Time a selected customer has to pay"
+                  }
                   value={form.paymentWindowMinutes}
                   nativeUnit="minutes"
                   onChange={(v) =>
                     setForm((f) => f && { ...f, paymentWindowMinutes: v })
                   }
                   min={1}
-                  disabled={isExport}
                 />
               </Group>
               {!isExport ? (
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/fleet/config/resources.ts b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/fleet/config/resources.ts
index 7f2f89c1e..9ba826e6f 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/fleet/config/resources.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/fleet/config/resources.ts
@@ -163,6 +163,7 @@ const WAGON_STATUS_OPTIONS = [
   { label: "Assigned", value: Freight.WagonStatus.Assigned },
   { label: "Maintenance", value: Freight.WagonStatus.Maintenance },
   { label: "Detained", value: Freight.WagonStatus.Detained },
+  { label: "Out of service", value: Freight.WagonStatus.OutOfService },
 ];
 
 // Statuses staff may set BY HAND on the create/edit form. ASSIGNED is omitted
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainScheduling/TrainSchedulingGlobalRulesPage.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainScheduling/TrainSchedulingGlobalRulesPage.tsx
index 843031a69..03f7bca8b 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainScheduling/TrainSchedulingGlobalRulesPage.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/pages/trainScheduling/TrainSchedulingGlobalRulesPage.tsx
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ export default function TrainSchedulingGlobalRulesPage() {
       "windowDurationHours",
       "docReviewMinutes",
       "paymentWindowMinutes",
+      "exportPaymentWindowMinutes",
     ];
     const payload: Partial<Record<keyof TrainSchedulingGlobalRules, number>> = {};
     for (const key of fields) {
@@ -209,8 +210,8 @@ export default function TrainSchedulingGlobalRulesPage() {
             disabled={loading}
           />
           <DurationField
-            label="Payment window"
-            description="Time a selected customer has to pay before the slot expires"
+            label="Import payment window"
+            description="Time an import/domestic customer has to pay before the reserved slot expires"
             value={form.paymentWindowMinutes ?? ""}
             nativeUnit="minutes"
             onChange={(value) =>
@@ -219,6 +220,17 @@ export default function TrainSchedulingGlobalRulesPage() {
             min={1}
             disabled={loading}
           />
+          <DurationField
+            label="Export payment window"
+            description="Time an export customer has to pay before the reserved wagons are released"
+            value={form.exportPaymentWindowMinutes ?? ""}
+            nativeUnit="minutes"
+            onChange={(value) =>
+              setForm((current) => ({ ...current, exportPaymentWindowMinutes: value }))
+            }
+            min={1}
+            disabled={loading}
+          />
         </Stack>
       </Card>
 
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/types/trainScheduling.ts b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/types/trainScheduling.ts
index 46e4b6c15..bd518ea76 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/types/trainScheduling.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/backoffice/src/types/trainScheduling.ts
@@ -119,7 +119,10 @@ export interface TrainSchedulingGlobalRules {
   windowCloseHour: number;
   windowDurationHours: number;
   docReviewMinutes: number;
+  /** Import/domestic customer pay window, minutes. */
   paymentWindowMinutes: number;
+  /** Export customer pay window, minutes — tuned separately from import. */
+  exportPaymentWindowMinutes: number;
   /** Minutes before departure the import window closes; null = close at departure. */
   importCloseOffsetMinutes: number | null;
   /** Minutes before departure the export window closes; null = close at departure. */
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/EditBookingPage.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/EditBookingPage.tsx
index c101d0661..269fa2160 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/EditBookingPage.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/EditBookingPage.tsx
@@ -149,6 +149,10 @@ function mapBookingToFormValues(
     destinationYard: yardIdFromBooking(booking.destinationYard, referenceData),
     cargoType: booking.freightType === "BULK" ? "bulk" : "container",
     cargoWeight: String(booking.cargoTotalWeightVgm ?? ""),
+    bulkTotalWeightTons:
+      booking.bulkTotalWeightTons != null
+        ? String(Number(booking.bulkTotalWeightTons))
+        : "",
     isHazardous: booking.isHazardous ?? false,
     isRefrigerated: booking.isRefrigerated ?? false,
     bulkHazardousQty: String(Number(booking.bulkHazardousQuantity ?? 0)),
@@ -455,6 +459,15 @@ export default function EditBookingPage() {
             : "IMPORT",
       cargoTypeId: data.cargoType === "container" ? undefined : cargoTypeId,
       cargoTotalWeightVgm: totalWeight,
+      // Break-bulk (PER_ITEM commodity): actual tonnage alongside the item
+      // count, so wagon allocation can size indivisible items per wagon.
+      ...(data.cargoType === "bulk" &&
+      referenceData?.cargo_type
+        ?.flatMap((g) => g.children ?? [])
+        .find((c) => c.id === cargoTypeId)?.unit_of_measure === "PER_ITEM" &&
+      Number(data.bulkTotalWeightTons) > 0
+        ? { bulkTotalWeightTons: Number(data.bulkTotalWeightTons) }
+        : {}),
       // Containers: booking-level flags are the OR of the per-container switches;
       // bulk uses the route-step toggles.
       isHazardous:
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/NewBookingPage.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/NewBookingPage.tsx
index 700967b68..8cf4deefa 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/NewBookingPage.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/NewBookingPage.tsx
@@ -519,6 +519,11 @@ export default function NewBookingPage() {
       // Day-level pool: the customer picks only a day (scheduledDate); the batch
       // engine assigns the train, so no trainScheduleId is sent.
       cargoTotalWeightVgm: totalWeight,
+      // Break-bulk: the actual tonnage travels alongside the item count so
+      // wagon allocation can size indivisible items per wagon.
+      ...(data.cargoType === "bulk" && isPerItem && Number(data.bulkTotalWeightTons) > 0
+        ? { bulkTotalWeightTons: Number(data.bulkTotalWeightTons) }
+        : {}),
       // Booking-level flags drive the HAZARD / REEFER surcharge triggers. For
       // containers they're the OR of the per-container switches; for bulk they
       // come from the cargo-step toggles.
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/clearance/BookingActionModal.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/clearance/BookingActionModal.tsx
index c8b324d47..17dba738b 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/clearance/BookingActionModal.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/clearance/BookingActionModal.tsx
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ function BookingActionModalBody({
                     leftSection={<CheckCircle2 size={16} />}
                     onClick={handleProceed}
                     loading={flow.proceedMutation.isPending}
-                    disabled={!flow.scheduledDate}
+                    disabled={!flow.scheduledDate || flow.requiresTrainSelection}
                   >
                     Proceed to operation
                   </Button>
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/clearance/ClearanceFlow.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/clearance/ClearanceFlow.tsx
index 196646185..681cbd7b2 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/clearance/ClearanceFlow.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/clearance/ClearanceFlow.tsx
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import { useFileViewer } from "@/hooks/useFileViewer";
 import { bookingDocNoun } from "./bookingNextAction";
 import { OperationDatePicker } from "./OperationDatePicker";
 import { DayAvailabilityHint } from "./DayAvailabilityHint";
+import { ExportTrainPicker } from "./ExportTrainPicker";
 import type { ClearanceFlowController } from "./useClearanceFlow";
 
 const BORDER = "#E6ECF2";
@@ -71,6 +72,11 @@ export function ClearanceFlow({ booking, flow, footer }: ClearanceFlowProps) {
     setAdHocFile,
     scheduledDate,
     setScheduledDate,
+    isExportRail,
+    exportTrains,
+    exportTrainsLoading,
+    selectedTrainId,
+    setSelectedTrainId,
     uploadMutation,
     proceedMutation,
   } = flow;
@@ -224,9 +230,9 @@ export function ClearanceFlow({ booking, flow, footer }: ClearanceFlowProps) {
             Choose your shipment day
           </Text>
           <Text fz="12px" c="dimmed" mb="sm">
-            Only days with a scheduled departure that can carry your cargo type
-            can be selected. The operations team assigns the specific train for
-            that day.
+            {isExportRail
+              ? "Only days with a scheduled departure that can carry your cargo type can be selected. Pick the train you want for that day below."
+              : "Only days with a scheduled departure that can carry your cargo type can be selected. The operations team assigns the specific train for that day."}
           </Text>
           <OperationDatePicker
             originYardId={booking.originYard?.id}
@@ -235,13 +241,21 @@ export function ClearanceFlow({ booking, flow, footer }: ClearanceFlowProps) {
             value={scheduledDate}
             onChange={setScheduledDate}
           />
-          {scheduledDate && (
+          {scheduledDate && !isExportRail && (
             <DayAvailabilityHint
               bookingId={booking.id}
               date={scheduledDate}
               tradeDirection={booking.tradeDirection}
             />
           )}
+          {scheduledDate && isExportRail && (
+            <ExportTrainPicker
+              options={exportTrains}
+              loading={exportTrainsLoading}
+              value={selectedTrainId}
+              onChange={setSelectedTrainId}
+            />
+          )}
         </Box>
       )}
 
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/clearance/ExportTrainPicker.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/clearance/ExportTrainPicker.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a167cdd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/clearance/ExportTrainPicker.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import { Badge, Box, Group, Loader, Stack, Text, UnstyledButton } from "@mantine/core";
+import { CheckCircle2, TrainFront } from "lucide-react";
+
+import type { Freight } from "@edr/types";
+
+const BORDER = "#E6ECF2";
+const SELECTED = "#0E7A5F";
+
+function departureLabel(iso: string): string {
+  const d = new Date(iso);
+  return d.toLocaleString("en-GB", {
+    weekday: "short",
+    day: "2-digit",
+    month: "short",
+    hour: "2-digit",
+    minute: "2-digit",
+    timeZone: "Africa/Addis_Ababa",
+  });
+}
+
+function closesLabel(iso: string | null): string | null {
+  if (!iso) return null;
+  return new Date(iso).toLocaleString("en-GB", {
+    day: "2-digit",
+    month: "short",
+    hour: "2-digit",
+    minute: "2-digit",
+    timeZone: "Africa/Addis_Ababa",
+  });
+}
+
+export interface ExportTrainPickerProps {
+  options: Freight.ExportTrainOption[];
+  loading: boolean;
+  value: string;
+  onChange: (scheduleId: string) => void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Export shipment-day train picker: one card per export train that day, with
+ * live free-wagon space per wagon type for THIS booking's cargo. Full or
+ * not-yet-open trains render disabled — the pick locks the booking onto that
+ * train when the operation request is submitted.
+ */
+export function ExportTrainPicker({
+  options,
+  loading,
+  value,
+  onChange,
+}: ExportTrainPickerProps) {
+  if (loading) {
+    return (
+      <Group gap="xs" mt="sm">
+        <Loader size="xs" />
+        <Text fz="12px" c="dimmed">
+          Checking trains for this day…
+        </Text>
+      </Group>
+    );
+  }
+  if (!options.length) return null;
+
+  return (
+    <Box mt="sm">
+      <Text fz="13px" fw={700} c="#10202F" mb={6}>
+        Choose your train
+      </Text>
+      <Stack gap="xs">
+        {options.map((option) => {
+          const bookable = option.isOpen && option.fits;
+          const selected = value === option.scheduleId;
+          const closes = closesLabel(option.bookingClosesAt);
+          return (
+            <UnstyledButton
+              key={option.scheduleId}
+              onClick={() => bookable && onChange(option.scheduleId)}
+              disabled={!bookable}
+              style={{
+                border: `1.5px solid ${selected ? SELECTED : BORDER}`,
+                borderRadius: 10,
+                padding: "10px 12px",
+                opacity: bookable ? 1 : 0.55,
+                cursor: bookable ? "pointer" : "not-allowed",
+                background: selected ? "#F2FAF7" : "#FFFFFF",
+              }}
+            >
+              <Group justify="space-between" align="flex-start" wrap="nowrap">
+                <Group gap="xs" align="flex-start" wrap="nowrap">
+                  <TrainFront size={16} color={selected ? SELECTED : "#5B6B7A"} />
+                  <Box>
+                    <Text fz="13px" fw={600} c="#10202F">
+                      Departs {departureLabel(option.departure)} EAT
+                    </Text>
+                    <Text fz="12px" c="dimmed">
+                      {option.freeWagons} wagon{option.freeWagons === 1 ? "" : "s"} free
+                      for your cargo · you need {option.neededWagons}
+                      {closes ? ` · booking closes ${closes} EAT` : ""}
+                    </Text>
+                    <Group gap={6} mt={4}>
+                      {option.byWagonType.map((t) => (
+                        <Badge
+                          key={t.wagonTypeId ?? "default"}
+                          size="sm"
+                          variant="light"
+                          color={t.freeWagons > 0 ? "teal" : "gray"}
+                        >
+                          {t.code ?? t.name ?? "Wagon"}: {t.freeWagons} free
+                        </Badge>
+                      ))}
+                    </Group>
+                  </Box>
+                </Group>
+                {selected ? (
+                  <CheckCircle2 size={18} color={SELECTED} />
+                ) : !option.isOpen ? (
+                  <Badge size="sm" color="gray" variant="light">
+                    Not open
+                  </Badge>
+                ) : !option.fits ? (
+                  <Badge size="sm" color="red" variant="light">
+                    Too little space
+                  </Badge>
+                ) : null}
+              </Group>
+            </UnstyledButton>
+          );
+        })}
+      </Stack>
+    </Box>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/clearance/useClearanceFlow.ts b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/clearance/useClearanceFlow.ts
index 63b3d03da..5d8143f79 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/clearance/useClearanceFlow.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/clearance/useClearanceFlow.ts
@@ -27,7 +27,39 @@ export function useClearanceFlow(booking: Freight.IBooking) {
   const [pending, setPending] = useState<Record<string, File>>({});
   const [adHoc, setAdHoc] = useState<AdHocDoc[]>([]);
   // Binding shipment day chosen for the operation request (yyyy-MM-dd).
-  const [scheduledDate, setScheduledDate] = useState<string>("");
+  const [scheduledDate, setScheduledDateState] = useState<string>("");
+  // Export rail only: the specific train picked for that day.
+  const [selectedTrainId, setSelectedTrainId] = useState<string>("");
+
+  // Mirrors the API's isRoadService: road/truck services dispatch a truck and
+  // never pick a train. IBooking.serviceType is a string code.
+  const serviceCode = String(booking.serviceType ?? "").toUpperCase();
+  const isRoad = serviceCode.startsWith("ROAD") || serviceCode.startsWith("TRUCK");
+  const isExportRail = booking.tradeDirection === "EXPORT" && !isRoad;
+
+  // A new day invalidates the old train pick.
+  const setScheduledDate = (date: string) => {
+    setScheduledDateState(date);
+    setSelectedTrainId("");
+  };
+
+  const exportTrainsQuery = useQuery(
+    api.bookings.getExportTrains.queryOptions({
+      input: { bookingId: booking.id, date: scheduledDate },
+      enabled: isExportRail && Boolean(scheduledDate),
+    }),
+  );
+  const exportTrains = useMemo(
+    () => (isExportRail ? (exportTrainsQuery.data ?? []) : []),
+    [isExportRail, exportTrainsQuery.data],
+  );
+  // Export must ride the train the customer picked — block proceed until a
+  // bookable train is chosen (when none is bookable, proceed stays allowed so
+  // the API can answer with the real capacity error).
+  const requiresTrainSelection =
+    isExportRail &&
+    exportTrains.some((t) => t.isOpen && t.fits) &&
+    !selectedTrainId;
 
   const refresh = () => {
     queryClient.invalidateQueries({
@@ -146,9 +178,14 @@ export function useClearanceFlow(booking: Freight.IBooking) {
   };
 
   const proceedToOperation = (opts?: { onSuccess?: () => void }) => {
-    if (!scheduledDate) return;
+    if (!scheduledDate || requiresTrainSelection) return;
     proceedMutation.mutate(
-      { id: booking.id, scheduledDate },
+      {
+        id: booking.id,
+        scheduledDate,
+        trainScheduleId:
+          isExportRail && selectedTrainId ? selectedTrainId : undefined,
+      },
       { onSuccess: opts?.onSuccess },
     );
   };
@@ -179,6 +216,13 @@ export function useClearanceFlow(booking: Freight.IBooking) {
     // schedule
     scheduledDate,
     setScheduledDate,
+    // export train pick
+    isExportRail,
+    exportTrains,
+    exportTrainsLoading: exportTrainsQuery.isLoading,
+    selectedTrainId,
+    setSelectedTrainId,
+    requiresTrainSelection,
     // mutations
     uploadMutation,
     proceedMutation,
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/new-booking-form/schema.ts b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/new-booking-form/schema.ts
index b137635ae..c81e5571b 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/new-booking-form/schema.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/new-booking-form/schema.ts
@@ -164,6 +164,10 @@ export const bookingFormSchema = z
     scheduledDate: z.string().default(""),
     cargoType: z.enum(["container", "bulk"], "Select a cargo type."),
     cargoWeight: z.string(),
+    // Break-bulk (PER_ITEM commodities) only: actual total weight in tons —
+    // cargoWeight then carries the item count. Empty for PER_TON bulk and
+    // container cargo.
+    bulkTotalWeightTons: z.string().default(""),
     cargoTypePath: z.array(z.string()).default([]),
     cargoFreeText: z.string(),
     isHazardous: z.boolean(),
@@ -239,6 +243,16 @@ export const bookingFormSchema = z
     },
     { message: "Enter a quantity greater than 0.", path: ["cargoWeight"] },
   )
+  .refine(
+    (data) => {
+      // Filled only for PER_ITEM commodities (the field is hidden otherwise);
+      // when present it must be a positive tonnage.
+      if (data.cargoType !== "bulk" || !data.bulkTotalWeightTons) return true;
+      const tons = Number(data.bulkTotalWeightTons);
+      return !Number.isNaN(tons) && tons > 0;
+    },
+    { message: "Enter a total weight greater than 0.", path: ["bulkTotalWeightTons"] },
+  )
   .refine(
     (data) => !(data.cargoType === "container" && data.containers.length === 0),
     { message: "Add at least one container.", path: ["containers"] },
@@ -381,6 +395,7 @@ export const initialBookingFormValues: DeepPartial<BookingFormValues> = {
   extraRoutes: [],
   scheduledDate: "",
   cargoWeight: "",
+  bulkTotalWeightTons: "",
   cargoTypePath: [],
   cargoFreeText: "",
   isHazardous: false,
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/new-booking-form/step5-cargo-details.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/new-booking-form/step5-cargo-details.tsx
index 734b5e997..d8244cd60 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/new-booking-form/step5-cargo-details.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/bookings/new-booking-form/step5-cargo-details.tsx
@@ -350,6 +350,32 @@ export function Step5CargoDetails({
             />
           )}
 
+          {/* Break-bulk: item count alone can't size wagons — indivisible items
+              pack by weight, so the actual total tonnage is captured too. */}
+          {selectedCommodity && !isGeneralContract && isPerItem && (
+            <Controller
+              name="bulkTotalWeightTons"
+              control={form.control}
+              render={({ field, fieldState }) => (
+                <TextInput
+                  {...field}
+                  id="bulkTotalWeightTons"
+                  type="number"
+                  onKeyDown={blockNegative}
+                  label="Total weight (Tons) *"
+                  placeholder="e.g. 800"
+                  leftSection={<Weight className="h-4 w-4" />}
+                  error={fieldState.error?.message}
+                  description="Actual total weight of all items — used to work out how many items fit one wagon."
+                  radius={10}
+                  styles={fieldStyles}
+                  min={0}
+                  step={0.01}
+                />
+              )}
+            />
+          )}
+
           {/* Cargo handling — how much of the cargo is hazardous / refrigerated,
               in the SAME unit as the quantity above (tons or items). Shown once a
               commodity is chosen so the unit is known; general contracts handle
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/contracts/ContractDetailPage.tsx b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/contracts/ContractDetailPage.tsx
index 659b5161d..79b904f47 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/contracts/ContractDetailPage.tsx
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/pages/contracts/ContractDetailPage.tsx
@@ -385,10 +385,11 @@ export default function ContractDetailPage() {
   // slot, so the action is "none" and no booking button is shown.
   const canBookShipment =
     bookingAction.kind === "book" || bookingAction.kind === "rebook";
-  const canRequestShipment = bookingAction.kind === "request";
+  // TODO: bulk contracts pause here for now — remove isContainer gate once bulk flow resumes.
+  const canRequestShipment = bookingAction.kind === "request" && isContainer;
   // Self-clearance import/export (ONE_TIME or GENERAL): one-click bare booking
   // instance — the per-booking clearance runs first, so no window gate here.
-  const canInitiateBooking = bookingAction.kind === "initiate";
+  const canInitiateBooking = bookingAction.kind === "initiate" && isContainer;
 
   return (
     <Box style={{ padding: "28px 32px 40px" }}>
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/services/api.ts b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/services/api.ts
index 6fd1bd479..a675198c5 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/services/api.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/services/api.ts
@@ -407,10 +407,10 @@ export const api = {
     ),
 
     proceedToOperation: endpoint<
-      { id: string; scheduledDate: string },
+      { id: string; scheduledDate: string; trainScheduleId?: string },
       Freight.IBooking
-    >("bookings", "proceedToOperation", ({ id, scheduledDate }) =>
-      bookingsService.proceedToOperation(id, scheduledDate),
+    >("bookings", "proceedToOperation", ({ id, scheduledDate, trainScheduleId }) =>
+      bookingsService.proceedToOperation(id, scheduledDate, trainScheduleId),
     ),
 
     checkPayment: endpoint<{ orderId: string }, { status: string }>(
@@ -468,6 +468,13 @@ export const api = {
       bookingsService.getDayAvailability(bookingId, date),
     ),
 
+    getExportTrains: endpoint<
+      { bookingId: string; date: string },
+      Freight.ExportTrainOption[]
+    >("train-scheduling", "exportTrains", ({ bookingId, date }) =>
+      bookingsService.getExportTrains(bookingId, date),
+    ),
+
     getMyBookingWindows: endpoint<void, MyBookingWindow[]>(
       "train-scheduling",
       "myBookingWindows",
diff --git a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/services/bookings.service.ts b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/services/bookings.service.ts
index 68f959b8d..1aa819009 100644
--- a/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/services/bookings.service.ts
+++ b/apps/edr-freight-web/portal/src/services/bookings.service.ts
@@ -378,10 +378,11 @@ export const bookingsService = {
   proceedToOperation: async (
     id: string,
     scheduledDate: string,
+    trainScheduleId?: string,
   ): Promise<Freight.IBooking> => {
     const { data } = await client.post(
       `/api/bookings/${id}/clearance/proceed`,
-      { scheduledDate },
+      { scheduledDate, ...(trainScheduleId ? { trainScheduleId } : {}) },
     );
     return data.data;
   },
@@ -508,6 +509,18 @@ export const bookingsService = {
     return (data.data as Freight.AvailableDaysResponse).days;
   },
 
+  // Export train picker: the day's export trains with per-wagon-type free space.
+  getExportTrains: async (
+    bookingId: string,
+    date: string,
+  ): Promise<Freight.ExportTrainOption[]> => {
+    const { data } = await client.get(
+      `/api/bookings/${bookingId}/export-trains`,
+      { params: { date } },
+    );
+    return data.data as Freight.ExportTrainOption[];
+  },
+
   // Advisory free-wagon count for a shipment day (planning hint, not enforced).
   getDayAvailability: async (
     bookingId: string,
diff --git a/packages/types/src/freight/index.ts b/packages/types/src/freight/index.ts
index 0db592336..c4911c20f 100644
--- a/packages/types/src/freight/index.ts
+++ b/packages/types/src/freight/index.ts
@@ -239,6 +239,7 @@ export enum WagonStatus {
   Maintenance = "MAINTENANCE",
   /** Formerly RETIRED — wagons pulled from circulation. */
   Detained = "DETAINED",
+  OutOfService = "OUT_OF_SERVICE",
 }
 
 export enum WagonReadiness {
@@ -654,6 +655,8 @@ export interface IBooking extends BaseEntity {
   originYard?: IYard | null;
   destinationYard?: IYard | null;
   cargoTotalWeightVgm: number;
+  /** Break-bulk (PER_ITEM) only: actual total weight in tons — cargoTotalWeightVgm then holds the item count. */
+  bulkTotalWeightTons?: number | null;
 
   freightType: FreightType;
   freightSubtype?: string | null;
@@ -1090,6 +1093,30 @@ export interface BookableScheduleItem {
   remainingWagons: number;
 }
 
+/** Per-wagon-type free space on one export train, for the booking's cargo. */
+export interface ExportTrainOptionWagonType {
+  wagonTypeId: string | null;
+  code: string | null;
+  name: string | null;
+  freeWagons: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * One export train the customer can pick for a shipment day
+ * (GET /bookings/:id/export-trains?date=). Space is measured against the
+ * booking's own allowed wagon types; unpaid holds count as taken.
+ */
+export interface ExportTrainOption {
+  scheduleId: string;
+  departure: string;
+  bookingClosesAt: string | null;
+  isOpen: boolean;
+  freeWagons: number;
+  neededWagons: number;
+  fits: boolean;
+  byWagonType: ExportTrainOptionWagonType[];
+}
+
 // ── DTOs ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 export interface CreateBookingContainerDto {
@@ -1148,6 +1175,8 @@ export interface CreateBookingDto {
   cargoFreeText?: string | undefined;
   shippingLineId?: string | undefined;
   cargoTotalWeightVgm: number;
+  /** Break-bulk (PER_ITEM) only: actual total weight in tons — cargoTotalWeightVgm then holds the item count. */
+  bulkTotalWeightTons?: number | undefined;
   isHazardous?: boolean | undefined;
   /** Booking-level refrigerated flag (bulk freight only; containers derive reefer from the container type). */
   isReefer?: boolean | undefined;